| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
As a democratic nation, the United States naturally emphasizes the ideas of civil equality and communal consolidation, but at the same time is likely to value those of people's individualism and freedom. Peculiarly, these opposing values, which are the dual aspects of Americanism, can collide with each other,and in reality, the examples of harsh collisions are often presented in American literature. As we can easily imagine, canonical writers such as Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, and Eugene O'Neill have a conspicuous tendency to criticize not only people's biased views, but also their materialistic visions, as revealed in their faith in American success dream, while ethnic writers like Leslie Marmon Silko, a leading writer of Native American literature, and Toshio Mori, a pioneer of Japanese-American writings, tend to esteem their traditional values and customs of their community, a tendency supposedly coming from their tribal wisdom and pantheistic, cosmic visions.
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