| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Many of the African languages are tone (or accent) languages, and interestingly they are polysyllabic, a fact which is different from Asian tone languages such as Chinese which are monosyllabic. In Africa we also find systems which are similar to Japanese dialects which are characterized as having a one-pattern, two-pattern, or three-pattern accent system. This research is a synthesis of what the reporter has done about African tone languages, referring also to results of other researchers' works in order to clarify the typological characteristics of African tone (or accent) languages.
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