| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research project conducted cross-linguistic and cross-varietal investigations of utterance/clause-final (right-peripheral) elements. In contrastive studies of Irish and American English, we analyzed clauses with final tags (final pragmatic markers) as the final-tag construction, and demonstrated both quantitatively and qualitatively that the construction is more entrenched in the minds of Irish English speakers than American English speakers. We also observed from a contrastive study of Japanese and Korean that Korean shows a relatively lower degree of entrenchment of the final appended construction (the structure with post-predicative elements). On the other hand, we found a similarity in the ordering of final pragmatic markers/particles between English and Japanese (and some other East Asian languages), suggesting that the ordering of final pragmatic markers/particles are regulated by a cross-linguistically similar constraint.
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