| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research aims to examine craft specialization and the complex society during the formative stages of Egyptian civilization. Craft specialization in Predynastic Egypt has been discussed mainly through the study of luxury goods from graves. However, excavations at Hierakonpolis provide a rare opportunity to examine this topic from non-funerary remains; a installation for beer and pottery production, and a mud-brick structure for fish and meat preparation. The evidence for intensive production on a large scale indicates that at Hierakonpolis, specialized activities had emerged by the early Naqada II period. This is the first specialization of manufacture in Egypt which could be by “attached specialists” to the elites. It is probable that from the late Naqada II onwards, the specialized production as a new economic package distributed across the whole Egypt. This sheds new light on aspects of the social transformation just before the emergence of Egyptian civilization.
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