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Craft specialization and the development of complex society in Predynastic Egypt

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16K03167
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Archaeology
Research InstitutionWaseda University

Principal Investigator

Baba Masahiro  早稲田大学, 総合研究機構, 客員主任研究員 (00386583)

Project Period (FY) 2016-04-01 – 2020-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
Keywordsエジプト考古学 / 古代文明学 / 国家形成 / 社会複雑化 / 専業化 / 古代ビール / 考古学 / エジプト国家形成
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This research aims to examine craft specialization and the complex society during the formative stages of Egyptian civilization. Craft specialization in Predynastic Egypt has been discussed mainly through the study of luxury goods from graves. However, excavations at Hierakonpolis provide a rare opportunity to examine this topic from non-funerary remains; a installation for beer and pottery production, and a mud-brick structure for fish and meat preparation. The evidence for intensive production on a large scale indicates that at Hierakonpolis, specialized activities had emerged by the early Naqada II period. This is the first specialization of manufacture in Egypt which could be by “attached specialists” to the elites. It is probable that from the late Naqada II onwards, the specialized production as a new economic package distributed across the whole Egypt. This sheds new light on aspects of the social transformation just before the emergence of Egyptian civilization.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

エジプト先王朝時代における専業化は、これまでも研究の対象となってきた。ただし、実証的な分析は行われていない。主に、製品から看取される技術の熟練度や手間と時間を指標に推察しているのみである。この点において、生産遺構の発掘調査資料に立脚した本研究は、考古学的コンテキストから専業度、規模、地理的関係、生産者と消費者の関係という専業化指標の帰納的分析、生産形態と社会状況の考察を具体的に行った最初の例といえる。また、エジプト最古のビール醸造に関して、理化学的分析によるビールの同定とレシピを解明できたことは、ビールが現在でも愛飲されていることからも、本研究の社会的意義は小さくないであろう。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2019 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2018 Research-status Report
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • 2016 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (40 results)

All 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (8 results) Journal Article (9 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Peer Reviewed: 7 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (18 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Invited: 7 results) Book (5 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] カイロ・アメリカン大学(エジプト)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] オックスフォード大学(英国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] カイロ・アメリカン大学(エジプト)

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] オックスフォード大学(英国)

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 王立自然史博物館(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] オックスフォード大学(英国)

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 王立自然史博物館(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] カイロ・アメリカン大学(エジプト)

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Ceramic Assemblages from HK11C at Hierakonpolis: Specialization examined2020

    • Author(s)
      Baba M.
    • Journal Title

      Egypt at its Origins 6. Proceedings of the International Conference

      Volume: 印刷中

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Revealing the constituents of Egypt’s oldest beer using infrared and mass spectrometry2019

    • Author(s)
      Farag M.A., Elmassry M.M., Baba M. and Friedman R.
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 16199-16199

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-019-52877-0

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Firing Temperature of Predynastic Pottery from Hierakonpolis2019

    • Author(s)
      Baba, M.
    • Journal Title

      Festschrift Stan Hendrickx

      Volume: 印刷中

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Ceramic Assemblages from HK11C at Hierakonpolis: Specialization examined2019

    • Author(s)
      Baba, M.
    • Journal Title

      Egypt at its Origins 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference

      Volume: 印刷中

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Industrial Food Production Activities during the Naqada II period at HK11C, Hierakonpolis2017

    • Author(s)
      M. Baba, W.V. Neer and B. De Cupere
    • Journal Title

      Egypt at its Origins 5. Proceedings of the International Conference

      Volume: 5 Pages: 3-34

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] End of the Line: Excavations at HK11C in 20172017

    • Author(s)
      M. Baba
    • Journal Title

      Nekhen News

      Volume: 29 Pages: 22-23

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] エジプト先王朝時代のビールとワイン2016

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Journal Title

      西アジア考古学

      Volume: 17 Pages: 45-57

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Recent Excavations at HK11C, Hierakonpolis2016

    • Author(s)
      M. Baba and R.F. Friedman
    • Journal Title

      Egypt at its Origins 4. Proceedings of the International Conference

      Volume: 4 Pages: 179-205

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Another Portion of Potatoes: Excavation at HK11C in 20162016

    • Author(s)
      M.Baba
    • Journal Title

      Nekhen News

      Volume: 28 Pages: 10-11

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 気候変動とエジプト文明2020

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      日本西アジア考古学会公開シンポジウム「気候変動と古代西アジア-古気候から探る文化・文明の興亡」
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] エジプトを掘る2020

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      さがプロ2020五大陸考古学講座
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] ヒエラコンポリスからみる古代エジプト都市2019

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      新学術領域研究・都市文明の本質:古代西アジアにおける都市の発生と変容の学際研究第3回領域全体研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 古代エジプト最古のビール造り2019

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      酒史学会第18回大会講演
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Funerary Feasting: Logistics and Location in Predynastic Hierakonpolis, Egypt.2019

    • Author(s)
      Baba, M.
    • Organizer
      Ancient Art Council Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Egypt’s oldest beer brewery discovered at Hierakonpolis2019

    • Author(s)
      Baba, M.
    • Organizer
      Stanford International Symposium: Alcohol, rituals and spiritual world in ancient China and beyond: An interdisciplinary perspective
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 気候変動とエジプト文明2019

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      サイエンスカフェ 福井県年縞博物館
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Ancient beer remains from Hierakonpolis, Egypt: analytical approaches for proving fermentation processes2019

    • Author(s)
      Baba, M. and Marinova, E.
    • Organizer
      Ancient Beer: multidisciplinary approaches for its identification in the archaeological record: Workshop to be held at the University of Hohenheim, Germany
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 乾いた風土の土器づくり2018

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      土の風土記:やきものが語るアジアの歴史と風土 公益財団法人濱田庄司記念益子参考館
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 古代エジプトビール醸造の研究2018

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      日本西アジア考古学会第23回大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 王朝成立直前の専業化の発展-エジプト、ヒエラコンポリス遺跡HK11C地区の発掘調査-2018

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      第25回西アジア発掘調査報告会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 総合討議・コメンテーター2017

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      アジアの古代都市・都城の比較考古学-分析の方法論と視点を中心に-
    • Place of Presentation
      早稲田大学
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-22
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] ディスカッション・コメンテーター2017

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      考古学から捉える社会変化-モノづくりと専業化-
    • Place of Presentation
      早稲田大学
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-18
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 古代エジプトのモニュメント2017

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      日本西アジア考古学会第22回総会・大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Ceramic Assemblages from HK11C at Hierakonpolis: Specialization examined2017

    • Author(s)
      M. Baba
    • Organizer
      Origin 6: International Conference on Predynastic and early Dynastic Egypt
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] エジプトにおける遺跡探査2017

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩・近藤二郎
    • Organizer
      3D考古学の再挑戦:遺跡・遺構の非破壊調査研究
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 3D活用の可能性ーエジプトの場合ー2016

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩 近藤二郎 河合望
    • Organizer
      3D考古学の挑戦 考古遺物・遺構の三次元計測における研究の現状と課題
    • Place of Presentation
      早稲田大学
    • Year and Date
      2016-10-17
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 古代エジプトにおける土器の規格化と大量生産のはじまり2016

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Organizer
      日本西アジア考古学会第21回総会・大会
    • Place of Presentation
      立教大学
    • Year and Date
      2016-06-26
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 「ファラオの起源」吉村作治編『オシリスへの贈物 : エジプト考古学の最前線』: 167-1742020

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Total Pages
      251
    • Publisher
      雄山閣
    • ISBN
      9784639026945
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] "Archaeobotanical Studies from Hierakonpolis: Evidence for Food Processing During the Predynastic Period in Egypt", Plants and Humans in the African Past: Progress in African Archaeobotany2018

    • Author(s)
      Attia, E.A.E., E. Marinova, and M. Baba
    • Total Pages
      576
    • Publisher
      Springer International Publishing
    • ISBN
      9783319898391
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 「ナイルをうごくワインの壺」『やきもの-つくる・うごく・つかう-』2018

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Total Pages
      308
    • Publisher
      近代文藝社
    • ISBN
      9784773380491
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 古代エジプトを学ぶ-通史と10のテーマから-2017

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩
    • Total Pages
      328
    • Publisher
      六一書房
    • ISBN
      4864450889
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 「エジプトにおける遺跡探査」『3D考古学の再挑戦-遺跡・遺構の非破壊調査研究-』2017

    • Author(s)
      馬場匡浩・近藤二郎
    • Total Pages
      64
    • Publisher
      早稲田大学総合研究機構
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report

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Published: 2016-04-21   Modified: 2021-02-19  

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