| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Law of armed conflict does not prohibit attacks that may cause collateral damage to civilians/civilian objects, although attacks which may be expected to cause excessive collateral damage in relation to the military advantage anticipated are deemed unlawful. It should be noted that this collateral damage rule is the only law of armed conflict provision allowing causing damage to civilians/civilian objects except for those on belligerent reprisals. However, curiously, the definition of collateral damage is far from clear: whether it is limited to damage caused by attacker's means of warfare such as shells or it even includes damage caused by dangerous forces contained in destroyed military objectives. This research project examines the definition and scope of collateral damage by taking nuclear contamination caused by combat loss of nuclear powered warships as an example and conclude that such contamination may not be assessed by collateral damage rule.
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