| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study had mainly three aims. Firstly, to clarify the kind of critical thinking which junior high school students lack, the survey were conducted to junior high school teachers, and it revealed that there are many problem which come from “correct answer supremacy”, weakness of problem discovery, or weakness of deep examination. Also, feeling of no anxiety, self-confidence, and appropriate beliefs about learning were important to think critically. Secondly, critical thinking practices in the context of Japanese primary/secondary education were categorized. From these practices, six categories were found: skill developing, evaluating/judging, re-polishing, multiple viewpoint, questioning, and criterion-examining. Many practices use some of these categories mixed. Thirdly, critical thinking practices were done using one page portfolio, questioning, self problem discovery and solving, OREO writing, or complaint.
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