Regional coupling between surface, atmosphere, and space for understanding water cycle on Mars

• Project/Area Number: 16K05566
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Space and upper atmospheric physics
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: Nakagawa Hiromu 東北大学, 理学研究科, 助教 (30463772)
• Research Collaborator: KASABA YASUMASA ; SAGAWA HIDEO ; KURODA TAKESHI ; AOKI SHOHEI
• Project Period (FY): 2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
• Keywords: 火星 / 進化 / 水 / 散逸 / 観測 / 循環 / 探査機 / 大気重力波 / 同位体 / 大気進化 / Mars / water / isotopes / spectroscopy / heterodyne / SOFIA / MAVEN / 惑星探査 / 超高層物理学 / 水循環 / 惑星進化

Outline of Final Research Achievements

TGO observations first reveal the vertical distribution of the HDO/H2O up to 80 km, which suggest an increase of the abundance of H2O and HDO during the dust storm. Simultaneously, our ground-based observations found a remarkable enhancement of the atmospheric temperature at 80 altitudes during the dust storm. This could cause stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapor to lower altitudes. Our MAVEN result indicates the detection of an extensive layer of warm air at altitudes 70 to 90 km, which has a good agreement with above. The atmospheric composition and wave activity in the upper atmosphere dramatically changes in season. Our study proposes an effective and high-speed mass/energy transportation into the upper atmosphere. The resultant stronger atmospheric circulation could carry the dust and water vapor into the upper atmosphere, which drive direct escape of water to space in a time-scale of weeks or months.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

約40億年前には豊富な液体の水をたたえ、温暖湿潤な気候を有していた火星は、劇的な気候変動を経て、現在のような寒冷で乾燥した惑星となった。火星のこの劇的な進化の過程で、温暖湿潤な環境を維持するための大量の大気と水がどこにどのようにして失われたかは、惑星表層環境の進化の理解にとって大きな謎として残されている。本研究により明らかになりつつある火星大気・水の散逸プロセスの理解は、生命を保持しうる惑星環境を理解する上で重要であり、昨今発見が相次ぐ系外惑星への示唆に富む。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] コロラド大学/アリゾナ大学/ハワイ大学(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ベルギー王立宇宙科学研究所 (ベルギー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ロシア宇宙科学研究所(ロシア連邦)
• [Int'l Joint Research] フランス国立科学研究センター・大気環境宇宙観測研究所(フランス)
• [Int'l Joint Research] コロラド大学(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ベルギー宇宙物理研究所(ベルギー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Hawaii/University of Corolado(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] IASB(ベルギー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Max Planck Institute(ドイツ)
• [Journal Article] Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2019)
  • Author(s): A. C. Vandaele, O. Korablev, F. Daerden, S. Aoki, L. R. Thomas, F. Altieri, M. Lopez-Valverde, G. Villanueva, G. Luizzi, M. D. Smith, J. T. Erwin, L. Trompet, A. A. Fedorova, F. Montmessin, A. Trokhimovskiy, D. A. Belyaev, N. I. Ignatiev, M. Luginin, K. S. Olsen, L. Baggio, et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature Volume: - Issue: 7753 Pages: 521-525
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1097-3
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations (2019)
  • Author(s): O. Korablev, A. C. Vandaele, F. Montmessin, A. A. Fedorova, A. Trokhimovskiy, F. Forget, F. Lefevre, F. Daerden, I. R. Thomas, L. Trompet, J. T. Erwin, S. Aoki, S. Robert, L. Neary, S. Viscardy, A. V. Grigoriev, N. I. Ignatiev, A. Shakun, A. Patrakeev, D. A. Belyaev, J.-L. Bertaux, et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature Volume: - Issue: 7753 Pages: 517-520
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1096-4
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time (2018)
  • Author(s): Jakosky B.M.、Brain D.、Chaffin M.、Curry S.、Deighan J.、Grebowsky J.、Halekas J.、Leblanc F.、Lillis R.、Luhmann J.G.、Kuroda T.、他
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 315 Pages: 146-157
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Mesospheric CO2 ice clouds on Mars observed by Planetary Fourier Spectrometer onboard Mars Express (2018)
  • Author(s): Aoki S., Y. Sato, M. Giuranna, P. Wolkenberg, T. M. Sato, H. Nakagawa, and Y. Kasaba
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 302 Pages: 175-190
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.047
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) of three spectrometers for the ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (2018)
  • Author(s): O. Korablev, Montmessin, A. Trokhimovskiy, A.A. Fedorova, A.V. Shakun, A.V. Grigoriev, B.E. Moshkin, N.I. Ignatiev, F. Forget, F. Lefevre, K. Anufreychik, I. Dzuban, Y.S. Ivanov, Y.K. Kalinnikov, T.O. Kozlova, A. Kungurov, V. Makarov, F. Martynovich, I. Maslov, D. Merzlyakov, et al.
  • Journal Title: Space Sci. Rev Volume: 214 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-62
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11214-017-0437-6
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] NOMAD, an Integrated Suite of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars Trace Gas Mission: Technical Description, Science Objectives and Expected Performance (2018)
  • Author(s): A. C. Vandaele, J.-J. Lopez-Moreno, M. R. Patel, G. Bellucci, F. Daerden, B. Ristic, S. Robert, I. R. Thomas, V. Wilquet, M. Allen, G. Alonso-Rodrigo, F. Altieri, S. Aoki, D. Bolsee, T. Clancy, E. Cloutis, C. Depiesse, R. Drummond, A. Fedorova, et al.
  • Journal Title: Space Sci. Rev. Volume: 214 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-47
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11214-018-0517-2
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Characterization of dust activity on Mars from MY27 to MY32 by PFS-MEX observations (2018)
  • Author(s): Wolkenberg, P., M. Giuranna, D. Grassi, A. Aronica, S. Aoki, D. Scaccabarozzi, B. Saggin
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 310 Pages: 32-47
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.045
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] 太陽系ハビタブル惑星の成立を探る火星衛星探査計画MMX (2018)
  • Author(s): 1.倉本圭, 川勝康弘, 藤本正樹, 源田英典, 平田成, 今村剛, 亀田真吾, 松本晃治, 宮本 英昭, 諸田 智克, 長岡 央, 中川 広務, 中村 智樹, 小川 和律, 大嶽 久志, 尾崎 正伸, 佐々木 晶, 千秋 博紀, 橘 省吾, 寺田 直樹, 臼井 寛裕, 和田 浩二, 渡邊 誠一郎, MMX study team
  • Journal Title: 日本惑星科学会誌遊星人 Volume: 27 Pages: 207-215
  • NAID: 130007546969
• [Journal Article] 特集「火星圏のサイエンス」ExoMars TGOと火星衛星探査計画MMXによる火星大気観測 (2018)
  • Author(s): 青木翔平, 中川広務, 小郷原一智, 神山徹, 今村剛, 笠羽康正
  • Journal Title: 日本惑星科学会誌遊星人 Volume: 27 Pages: 224-224
• [Journal Article] Stringent upper limit of CH4 on Mars based on SOFIA/EXES observations (2017)
  • Author(s): Aoki, S., M.J. Richter, C. DeWitte, A. Boogert, T. Encrenaz, H. Sagawa, H. Nakagawa, A.C. Vandaele, M. Giuranna, T.K. Greathouse, T. Fouchet, A. Geminale, G. Sindoni, M. McKelvey, M. Case, and Y. Kasaba
  • Journal Title: Astron. Astrophys. Volume: 17 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730903
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Global distribution and parameter dependences of gravity wave activity in the Martian upper thermosphere derived from MAVEN/NGIMS observations (2017)
  • Author(s): Terada N., F. Leblanc, H. Nakagawa, A. S. Medvedev, E. Yigit, T. Kuroda, T. Hara, S. L. England, H. Fujiwara, K. Terada, K. Seki, P. R. Mahaffy, M. Elrod, M. Benna, J. Grebowsky, and B. M. Jakosky
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics Volume: 122 Issue: 2 Pages: 2374-2397
  • DOI: 10.1002/2016ja023476
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] MAVEN NGIMS Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in the Martian thermosphere (2017)
  • Author(s): England, S. L., G. Liu, E. Yigit, P. R. Mahaffy, M. Elrod, M. Benna, H. Nakagawa, N. Terada, and B. Jakosky
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics Volume: 122 Issue: 2 Pages: 2310-2335
  • DOI: 10.1002/2016ja023475
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Water cycle on Mars revealed by space-born and ground-based observations (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, H., S. Aoki, N. Yoshida, N. Terada, T. Imamura, K. Ogohara, Ando, Noguchi, A. Miyamoto, K. Takami, T. Kuroda, I. Murata, Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: Symposium on Planetary Sciences
• [Presentation] Mars mesospheric zonal wind at global dust storm 2018 (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, H., A. Miyamoto, K. Takami, S. Aoki, H. Sagawa, T. Kuroda, N. Terada, Y. Kasaba, N. Yoshida, K. Toriumi
  • Organizer: Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences
• [Presentation] Evolution of aerosol profile and convective instability resulting from superposition of atmospheric waves in the middle atmosphere on Mars (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, H., N. Terada, N. Yoshida, H. Fujiwara, K. Seki, IUVS team
  • Organizer: Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences
• [Presentation] 火星超高層大気中における大気重力波の特性 (2018)
  • Author(s): 中川広務, 寺田直樹, 吉田奈央, 青木翔平, 笠羽康正
  • Organizer: 日本気象学会2018年度秋季大会
• [Presentation] The effect of atmospheric gravity waves on the water transport and its escape on Mars (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, H., N. Terada, N. Yoshida, S. Aoki, T. Kuroda, Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting
• [Presentation] Exploring the Atmosphere of Mars with remote observations: Activities in Japan for the Belgium-Japan partnership (AMAVERO) (2018)
  • Author(s): Kasaba, Y., H. Nakagawa, et al.
  • Organizer: European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Simulation of the coupled atmosphere and hydrosphere on early mars using a GCM (2018)
  • Author(s): T. Kuroda, A. Kamada, K. Toriumi, Y. Kasaba, N. Terada, H. Nakagawa
  • Organizer: European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Spectral inversion of OMEGA /MEx limb observations considering multiple scattering (2018)
  • Author(s): Mahieux, A., S. Aoki, M. Toyooka, H. Nakagawa et al.
  • Organizer: European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Four years of upper atmospheric exploration at Mars with MAVEN and IUVS (2018)
  • Author(s): Montmessin, F., N. M. Schneider, J. I. Deighan, S. K. Jain, J. S. Evans, M. Crismani, M. H. Stevens, D. Y. lo, J. T. Clarke, M. S. Chaggin, M. Mayyasi, F. Lefevre, A. Stiepen, E. Royer, Z. Milby, H. Groller, R. Yelle, H. Nakagawa
  • Organizer: European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Modification of the retrieval tool JACOSPAR for the Martian limb observation (2018)
  • Author(s): Toyooka, M., H. Iwabuchi, S. Aoki, A. Mahieux, H. Nakagawa, Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The effect of atmospheric gravity waves on the water upward transport on Mars (2018)
  • Author(s): 中川広務, 寺田直樹, 吉田奈央, 青木翔平, 黒田剛史, 笠羽康正
  • Organizer: 惑星圏研究会
• [Presentation] Small-scale gravity waves and its effect on the water cycle on Mars (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa H., N. Terada, N. Yoshida, S. Aoki
  • Organizer: MAVEN PSG
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Seasonal variations of small-scale waves in the martian lower thermosphere (2017)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, H., A. Medvedev, T. Kuroda, E. Yigit, N. Terada, K. Terada, H. Fujiwara, K. Seki, P. Hartogh, H. Groller, R.V. Yelle, F. Montmessin, N.M. Schneider, and B.M. Jakosky
  • Organizer: SGEPSS
• [Presentation] Global distribution of GW activity in Mars’ lower thermosphere derived from MAVEN/IUVS stellar occultations and analyzed using two MGCMs (2017)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, H., A. Medvedev, T. Kuroda, E. Yigit, N. Terada, K. Terada, H. Fujiwara, K. Seki, P. Hartogh, H. Groller, R.V. Yelle, F. Montmessin, N.M. Schneider, and B.M. Jakosky
  • Organizer: JpGU
• [Presentation] Search of CH4 on Mars by SOFIA/EXES (2017)
  • Author(s): Aoki, S., H. Nakagawa, Y. Kasaba, H. Sagawa, M.J. Richter, and C. DeWitt
  • Organizer: JpGU
• [Presentation] Search of CH4 on Mars by SOFIA/EXES (2017)
  • Author(s): Aoki, S., M.J.Richter, C.DeWitt, A. Boogert, T. Encrenaz, H. Sagawa, H. Nakagawa, A.C. Vandaele, M. Giuranna, T.K. Greathouse, T. Fouchet, A. Geminale, G. Sindoni, M. McKelvey, M. Case, and Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: European Planetary Science Congress
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Thermospheric perturbations at Mars, Venus, and Earth: Solar wind or lower atmosphere forcing? (2017)
  • Author(s): Terada, N., K. Terada, H. Nakagawa, F. Leblanc, A.S. Medvedev, E.Yigit, T. Kuroda, T. Hara, S.L. England, H. Fujiwara, P.R. Mahaffy, M. Elrod, M. Benna, J. Grebowsky, and B.M. Jakosky
  • Organizer: AOGS
• [Presentation] Search of CH4 on Mars by SOFIA/EXES (2017)
  • Author(s): S. Aoki, M.J. Richter, C. DeWitt, A. Boogert, T. Encrenaz, H. Sagawa, H. Nakagawa, A.C. Vandaele, M. Giuranna, T.K.Greathouse, T. Fouchet, A. Geminale, G. Sindoni, M. McKelvey, M. Case, and Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: Mars Science Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Exploring the Atmosphere of Mars with Remote Observations and Numerical Works (2017)
  • Author(s): Y. Kasaba, H. Nakagawa, H. Sagawa, T. Kuroda, T. Imamura, I. Murata, N. Terada, T. Sakanoi, K. Takami, S. Aizawa, M. Toyota, T. Akiba, Y. Kasai, A. Yamazaki, T.M. Sato, H. Maezawa, M. Taguchi, A.C. Vandaele, S. Aoki, S. Robert, V. Wilquet, A. Mahieux, P.F. Coheur
  • Organizer: Mars Science Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] MAVEN/IUVSと地上観測連携による火星中層大気観測 (2016)
  • Author(s): H. Nakagawa, A. S. Medvedev, T. Kuroda, E. Yigit, N. Terada, K. Terada, H. Fujiwara, K. Seki
  • Organizer: 第３０回大気圏シンポジウム
  • Place of Presentation: 神奈川県相模原市, ISAS
  • Year and Date: 2016-12-05
• [Presentation] A global view of small-scale wave perturbations in Mars' lower thermosphere derived from MAVEN/IUVS (2016)
  • Author(s): H. Nakagawa, A. S. Medvedev, T. Kuroda, E. Yigit, N. Terada, K. Terada, H. Fujiwara, C. Mockel, P. Hartogh, K. Seki, N. M. Schneider, H. Groller, R. V. Yelle, F. Montmessin, J. I. Deighan, S. Jain, B. Jakosky
  • Organizer: 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会
  • Place of Presentation: 福岡県博多市, 九州大学
  • Year and Date: 2016-11-19
• [Presentation] 高分解能分光地上観測による火星大気微量成分・同位体計測 (2016)
  • Author(s): 中川広務, 青木翔平, 佐川英夫, 笠羽康正, 前澤裕之
  • Organizer: アストロバイオロジーワークショップ
  • Place of Presentation: 宮城県仙台市, 東北大学
  • Year and Date: 2016-09-22
• [Presentation] Comparison of the Martian thermospheric density and temperature from IUVS/MAVEN data and general circulation modeling (2016)
  • Author(s): H. Nakagawa, Alexander Medvedev, Chris Mockel, Erdal Yigit, Takeshi Kuroda, Paul Hartogh, Kaori Terada, Naoki Terada, Kanako Seki, Nicholas Schneider, Sonal Jain, Scott Evans, Justin Deighan, William McClintock, Daniel Lo, Bruce Jakosky
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉県千葉市, 幕張メッセ
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-22
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Methane and HDO/H2O in the Martian atmosphere studied by ultra-high spectral resolution (2016)
  • Author(s): 中川広務, 青木翔平, 佐川英夫, 笠羽康正, 村田功, 高見康介, 鍵谷将人, 坂野井健, Jeffrey Kuhn, Joseph Ritter, 岡野章一, 田口真
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉県千葉市 幕張メッセ
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-22
• [Book] Atmosphere of Mars, Astrobiology (From the Origins of Life to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) (2019)
  • Author(s): H. Nakagawa (Ed. by A. Yamagishi, T. Kakegawa, and T. Usui)
  • Total Pages: 14
  • Publisher: Springer
  • ISBN: 9789811336393