• Search Research Projects
  • Search Researchers
  • How to Use
  1. Back to previous page

Smiling and laughing as communication in humans and non-human primates

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16K21128
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Research Field Cognitive science
Educational psychology
Research InstitutionChubu University (2018-2019)
Kyoto University (2016-2017)

Principal Investigator

Kawakami Fumito  中部大学, 人文学部, 講師 (80723064)

Project Period (FY) 2016-04-01 – 2020-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Keywords笑顔 / 非言語コミュニケーション / 新生児 / チンパンジー / ニホンザル / 動物園 / 乳幼児 / 発達 / 表情 / 進化 / 対他者関係 / 乳児 / 霊長類 / 感情 / 遊び / 教育系心理学 / 実験系心理学 / 認知科学
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Why are human smiles unique? Neonates show spontaneous smiling, i.e., smiling without any external stimuli, during irregular sleep. Moreover, the frequency of social smiling increases from around two-months of age in both humans and chimpanzees. I observed human infants, captive chimpanzees, and captive infant Japanese macaques. The main results indicated that infant Japanese macaques, similar to humans, show spontaneous smiling. Furthermore, chimpanzees displayed social smiling in only two situations: when playing, and when infant chimpanzees were lifted by their mothers. These observations suggest that the early development of smiling and laughter in humans and non-human primates have commonalities, although smiling in chimpanzees might be limited to playful situations. Also, chimpanzees might not be sensitive to smiling by other chimpanzees. Humans might be unique in showing frequent smiling under a variety of situations, and in sharing pleasant emotions with others by smiling.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

ヒトにとって日々の生活の中で頻繁に表出し,みる機会のある笑顔は,あまりに一般的であるため,実は謎が多く残されていることはそれほど知られていない。笑顔について進化と発達の視点から探った研究が少ないのが現状である。どのように笑顔を対他者関係の中で使い,それがどのくらい社会関係の維持に寄与しているのだろうか。多くの場合において快感情のあらわれとして使われる笑顔を探求することは,ヒトやチンパンジーを含む動物にとって,よりよい環境を築く足がかりとなると考えられる。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2019 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2018 Research-status Report
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • 2016 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (23 results)

All 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016

All Journal Article (5 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Peer Reviewed: 5 results,  Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (17 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 9 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] New, simple method of examining toddlers' abilities to use absent objects2018

    • Author(s)
      川上清文・高井清子・川上文人
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Human Environmental Studies

      Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Pages: 89-92

    • DOI

      10.4189/shes.16.89

    • NAID

      130007546427

    • ISSN
      1348-5253, 1883-7611
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Behavioral studies and veterinary management of orangutans at Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island, Perak, Malaysia.2018

    • Author(s)
      Hayashi, M., Kawakami, F., Roslan, R., Hapiszudin, N. M., Dharmalingam, S.
    • Journal Title

      Primates

      Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Pages: 135-144

    • DOI

      10.1007/s10329-018-0650-2

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The higher the farther: distance-specific referential gestures in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)2017

    • Author(s)
      Gonseth, C., Kawakami, F., Ichino, E., & Tomonaga, M.
    • Journal Title

      Biology Letters

      Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 20170398-20170398

    • DOI

      10.1098/rsbl.2017.0398

    • NAID

      120006365526

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Perception of the average size of multiple objects in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)2017

    • Author(s)
      Imura, T., Kawakami, F., Shirai, N., & Tomonaga, M.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the Royal Society B

      Volume: 284 Issue: 1861 Pages: 1-7

    • DOI

      10.1098/rspb.2017.0564

    • NAID

      120006335660

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The first smile: Spontaneous smiles in newborn Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)2017

    • Author(s)
      Kawakami, F., Tomonaga, M., & Suzuki, J.
    • Journal Title

      Primates

      Volume: 58 Issue: 1 Pages: 93-101

    • DOI

      10.1007/s10329-016-0558-7

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] 子どもの笑いの測定と評価―"笑う・笑わせる・笑われる"の観点から見えてくる課題と可能性―2020

    • Author(s)
      伊藤理絵・水野友有・近藤龍彰・川上文人・村上太郎
    • Organizer
      日本発達心理学会第31回大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Developmental support of chimpanzee with cerebral palsy2019

    • Author(s)
      Nobuhiro Yamada, Hideko Takeshita, Junichi Takashio, Yoko Sakuraba, Ichiro Takahashi, Fumito Kawakami, Misato Hayashi & Masaki Tomonaga
    • Organizer
      The 14th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evaluating of physical state on a female chimpanzee with cerebral palsy: A case study2019

    • Author(s)
      Yoko Sakuraba, Nobuhiro Yamada, Ichiro Takahashi, Fumito Kawakami, Jun'ichi Takashio, Hideko Takeshita, Misato Hayashi, & Masaki Tomonaga
    • Organizer
      The 14th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 表情のはじまり―表情の社会的機能とユニバーサリティ―2019

    • Author(s)
      中嶋智史・高野裕治・須藤竜之介・川上文人・幸田正典・石原尚・平石界
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第83回大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 笑う・笑わせる・笑われる―発達的視点からの捉え直し―2019

    • Author(s)
      伊藤理絵・藤野正和・村上太郎・白井真理子・川上文人・近藤龍彰
    • Organizer
      日本発達心理学会第30回大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 自発的微笑の縦断的観察IV2019

    • Author(s)
      川上文人
    • Organizer
      日本発達心理学会第30回大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] “ほほえみ”の発達:自発的微笑と社会的微笑2018

    • Author(s)
      川上文人
    • Organizer
      日本発達心理学会第29回大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 自発的微笑と社会的微笑の縦断的観察II2017

    • Author(s)
      川上文人
    • Organizer
      日本発達心理学会第28回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      広島国際会議場(広島県広島市)
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-26
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 自発的微笑の縦断的観察III2017

    • Author(s)
      川上文人
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第81回大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Longitudinal observation of spontaneous and social smiling II2017

    • Author(s)
      Fumito Kawakami
    • Organizer
      the 18th European Conference on Developmental Psychology
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Roots of smiling: A longitudinal observation of spontaneous smiling in early infancy2017

    • Author(s)
      Fumito Kawakami
    • Organizer
      the 2017 biennial meeting for the Society for Research in Child Development
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Eyes on face: How chimpanzees and humans perceive conspecific and heterospecific eyes2016

    • Author(s)
      Tomonaga, M., Kawakami, F., & Imura, T.
    • Organizer
      Joint meeting of the International Primatological Society and the American Society of Primatologists
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, USA
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-22
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The evolution and development of smiles: A comparison between humans and captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)2016

    • Author(s)
      Kawakami, F.
    • Organizer
      Joint meeting of the International Primatological Society and the American Society of Primatologists
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, USA
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-22
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Behavioral and cognitive development in an infant chimpanzee with cerebral palsy: An approach applying human childcare and therapy services2016

    • Author(s)
      Takeshita, H., Takashio, J., Yamada, N., Takahashi, I., Kawakami, F., Fukuda, K., Honda, Y., Tatara, N., Shimomoto, Y., Hayashi, M., Mizuno, Y., & Tomonaga, M.
    • Organizer
      the 31st International Congress of Psychology
    • Place of Presentation
      Pacifico Yokohama(神奈川県横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-07-29
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The evolution and development of smiles: a comparison between humans and chimpanzees2016

    • Author(s)
      Kawakami, F.
    • Organizer
      the 31st International Congress of Psychology
    • Place of Presentation
      Pacifico Yokohama(神奈川県横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-07-29
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Relation between spontaneous and social smiling: A longitudinal study2016

    • Author(s)
      Kawakami, F.
    • Organizer
      the 20th Biennial International Congress on Infant Studies
    • Place of Presentation
      New Orleans, USA
    • Year and Date
      2016-05-27
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 自発的微笑と社会的微笑の縦断的観察2016

    • Author(s)
      川上文人
    • Organizer
      日本発達心理学会第27回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      北海道大学(北海道札幌市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-04-29
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 対人関係の発達心理学 子どもたちの世界に近づく,とらえる2019

    • Author(s)
      川上清文・髙井清子・岸本健・宮津寿美香・川上文人・中山博子・久保田桂子
    • Total Pages
      144
    • Publisher
      新曜社
    • ISBN
      9784788516465
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2016-04-21   Modified: 2021-02-19  

Information User Guide FAQ News Terms of Use Attribution of KAKENHI

Powered by NII kakenhi