| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study addressed a research question of how private certification and ecolabelling systems, originated from Europe, will diffuse and can be adopted by Asian countries, with a focus on sustainable seafood. Existing literature already raised several factors for the uptake of certifications/ecolabels, such as, inputs of the systems (governance, decision-making procedures, standard stringency), demands from retailers in importing countries, and institutional conditions in suppliers' countries. This research focused on two additional factors, that is, the EU's regulatory power in IUU fishing, and sustainable finance/ESG investment in the seafood sector. By focusing on the first factor, this research attempted to contribute to the "Brussels Effect" literature. The study found that the EU's regulatory influence to bring national legal changes in Asian fishing countries was based on the EU's soft power of "expertise," "monitoring," and "agenda-setting."
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