| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The purpose of this research was to summarize pros and cons of the Global Value Chains (GVCs), and to propose a new form of governance in order to remedy the problems that may have arisen due to the formation of the GVCs and to subsequently achieve SDGs on the global scale.
First of all, the paper found that the negative impact of the GVCs was significant among small-scale producers of the primary commodities especially in Africa. The paper also found that certificates and standards (S & C) such as fair trade and organic, an alternative to free trade, can play an important role in solving the issue of poverty among such small-scale farmers. Those S&C are nowadays called sustainable ones, and they are governed by international NGOs such as Fairtrade International. Finally, the paper also found that social impacts of S&C such as Fairtrade tend to be larger when a gender perspective is also introduced in S&Cs explicitly.
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