| Budget Amount *help |
¥113,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥87,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥26,130,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥14,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,270,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥13,780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,180,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥13,780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,180,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥23,270,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,370,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥48,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥37,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥11,130,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Almost all plant cells have large vacuoles that contain both hydrolytic enzymes and a variety of defense proteins. We found that plants use vacuoles and vacuolar contents for programmed cell death (PCD) in two different ways: for a destructive way and for a non-destructive way. Destruction is caused by vacuolar membrane collapse followed by the release of vacuolar hydrolytic enzymes into the cytosol, resulting in rapid and direct cell death. This way is effective in the digestion of viruses, in susceptible cell death, and in developmental cell death of integuments. On the other hand, the non-destructive way involves fusion of the vacuolar and the plasma membrane, which allows vacuolar defense proteins to be discharged into the extracellular space where the bacteria proliferate. Membrane fusion, which is normally suppressed, was triggered in a proteasome-dependent manner. Intriguingly, both ways use enzymes with caspase-like activity as animal PCD : the membrane-fusion system uses proteasome subunit PBA1 with caspase-3-like activity and the vacuolar-collapse system uses VPE with caspase-1-like activity, although vacuole-mediated plant cell death differs from animal apoptotic cell death.
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