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An Experimental Study on Early Evolution of the Earth and the Structure of the Lower mantle

Research Project

Project/Area Number 17204048
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Petrology/Mineralogy/Science of ore deposit
Research InstitutionOkayama University

Principal Investigator

ITO Eiji  Okayama University, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Professor (00033259)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) KATSURA Tomoo  OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Professor (40260666)
YONEDA Akira  OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Associate Professor (10262841)
KANZAKE Masami  OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Professor (90234153)
XUE Xianyu  OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Associate Professor (70362986)
YAMAZAKI Daisuke  OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Associate Professor (90346693)
Project Period (FY) 2005 – 2007
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2007)
Budget Amount *help
¥49,530,000 (Direct Cost: ¥38,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥11,430,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥12,220,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,820,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥11,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥25,610,000 (Direct Cost: ¥19,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,910,000)
KeywordsHieh pressure generation / the Kawai-cell / Sintered diamond / Post-perovskite transformation / MgGeO_3 / A new 6-axis apparatus / Electrical conductivity / Dry transition zone / 川井式高圧装置 / 焼結ダイヤモンドアンビル / 超高圧力発生 / ペロフスカイト / ポストペロフスカイト / Fe_2O_3 / 圧力定点 / 単結晶育成 / 高圧含水鉱物
Research Abstract

We have continued experiments to generate higher pressures using the Kawai-cell equipped with sintered diamond anvils at synchrotron Spring-a The generated pressure reached 85 GPa at room temperature and 87 GPa at 1000 K on the Anderson et a〓s au male Based on these innovations of experimental techniques, we have systematically examined the penovskite (Pv) -postperovskite (PPv) transformation in MgGeO_3 up to 74 GPa and 1900 K. The starting material was a fine mixture of MgGeO_3 ilmenite + 0.1 Au (in weight), which was directly loaded in a cylindrical TiB_2 heater set with a thin W/W-Re thermocouple at the center of a mall octahedral pressure medium of MgO +0.05Cr_2O_3 (in weight). Pressure value was determined form measured volume of Au from the Anderson at a〓s scale. The transformation from Pv to PPv was first confirmed at 63.2 GPa and 1323 K. Then we tried to observe the reversal reaction by decreasing pressure and keeping temperature constant Growth of Pv was not recognized until p … More ressure went down to 60.5 GPa., suggesting the reversal reaction to be fitly sluggish The second transformation to PPv from the reversed Pv was observed at 62.8 GPa and 1473 K by heating. In the next run, it was found that well crystalline Pv persisted to pressures much higher than the expected Pv-PPv phase boundary, and growth of PPv was first recognized at 74 Gpa and 1873 K Taking the slow reaction rate in to consideration, we observed the growth of the Pv and PPv and the coexistence of both the phases in the 3rd nut The run. The phases boundary thus determined is expressed by the equation; T (K) = 191.2P (Gpa) -10563. If dP/dT slope of the phase boundary obtained in the present study for MgGeO_3 were applicable to the Pv-PPv transformation in the mantle, the PPv would be suppressed to the bottom the lower mantle, and on called PPv lens may not form. We have also pointed out that the establishment of reliable pressure scale is urgent issue of high pressure Earth science.
In order to overcome faults of the DIA type press in squeezing the Kawai-cell, we have developed a new 6-axis apparatus in which movement of the six anvils are controlled by the high tech servo mechanism. It is possible to keep the Ka wai-cell cubic within accuracy of ± 2 μm. Pressure generation using sintered diamond cubic anvils was carried out up to ca. 60 GPa by measuring electrical resistance of GaP, Zr, and Fe_2O_3. The results are compared with the previous calibration performed at Spring-8 by means of in situ X-ray observation. It is demonstrated that significant amount of applied load is balanced with frictional force in the DIA type press. The load loss amounts to 45 % at ca. 60 Gpa.
Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite with composition of (Mg〓Fe0.1)_2SiO_4 was measured up to 20 Gpa and 2000K under both anhydrous and hydrous conditions. Measurement over the wide temperature range made it possible to determine the parameters for hopping and proton conduction mechanisms for both the materials. These results imply that electrical conductivity of the mantle transition zone (depths from 410 to 660 km) determined by the geomagnetic measurement is well reconciled anhydrous wadsleyite and ringwoodite and hypothesis of wet transition zone is ruled out. Less

Report

(4 results)
  • 2007 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2006 Annual Research Report
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (26 results)

All 2007 2006 2005 Other

All Journal Article (20 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 5 results) Presentation (3 results) Remarks (2 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Theory and Practice-Multianvil Cells and High-Pressure Experimental Methods2007

    • Author(s)
      Ito, E.
    • Journal Title

      Treatise on Geophysics 2

      Pages: 197-230

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report 2007 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Pressure dependence of electrical conductivity of (Mg, Fe) SiO3 ilmenite2007

    • Author(s)
      Katsura, T., Yokoshi, S., Et al.
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Chem Mineral. 34

      Pages: 249-255

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Dry mantle transition inferred from the conductivity of wasdsleyite and ringwoodite2007

    • Author(s)
      Yoshino, T, Manthilake, G., Matsuzaki, T., and Katsura, T
    • Journal Title

      Nature 451

      Pages: 326-329

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Theory and Practice-Multianvil Cells and High-Pressure Experimental Methods, Treatise on Geophysics, Mineral Physics, eds. G. Schubert, B. Romanowicz, A Dziwonski2007

    • Author(s)
      E., Ito
    • Journal Title

      Treatise on Geophysics 2

      Pages: 197-230

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Pressure dependence of electrical conductivitu of (Mg.Fe)SiO_3 ilmenite2007

    • Author(s)
      T., Katsura, S., Yokoshi, K., Kawabe. A., Shatskiy, M., Okube, H., Fukui, E., Ito, A., Nozawa, K., Funakoshi
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Chem. Mineral 34

      Pages: 249-255

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Dry mantle transition zone inferred from the conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite2007

    • Author(s)
      T., Yoshino, G., Manthilake, T., Matsuzaki, T., Katsura
    • Journal Title

      Nature 451

      Pages: 326-329

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Pressure dependence of electrical conductivity of (Mg, Fe) SiO3 ilmenite2007

    • Author(s)
      Katsura, T., Yokoshi, S., et. al.
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Chem Minera1. 34

      Pages: 249-255

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Dry mantle transition inferred from the conductivity of wasdsleyite and ringwoodite2007

    • Author(s)
      Yoshino, T., Manthilake, G., Matsuzaki, T., and Katsura, T
    • Journal Title

      Nature 451

      Pages: 326-329

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Multi Anvil Cell & High Pressure Experimental Methods2007

    • Author(s)
      E.Ito
    • Journal Title

      Treatises on Geophysics (Elsevier) Vol.2(In press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Electrical conductivity of the mantle mineralogy2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Katsura
    • Journal Title

      Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (In press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Pressure dependence of electrical conductivity of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 ilmenite2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Katsura
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Chem. Mineral. (In press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Alminium substitution mechanisms in perovskite-type MgSiO3 : An investigation by Rietveld analysis2007

    • Author(s)
      H.Kojitani
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Chem. Mineral (In press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Phase boundary between ilmenite and perovskite structures in MnGeO3 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements2007

    • Author(s)
      D.Yamazaki
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Chem. Mineral (In press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere2006

    • Author(s)
      T.Yoshino
    • Journal Title

      Nature 443

      Pages: 973-976

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] P-V-T equation of state of Mg_2SiO_4 perovskite and MgO periclase : Implication for lower mantle composition2006

    • Author(s)
      Y.Aizawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys.Earth Planet.Int. 155

      Pages: 87-95

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Cation order and hydrogen bonding of high-pressure phases in the Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O system : An NMR and Raman study2006

    • Author(s)
      X.Xue
    • Journal Title

      Am.Mineral. (In press)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Study of primodial earth by means of high-pressure experiments.2005

    • Author(s)
      E.Ito
    • Journal Title

      Rev.High Press.Sci.Tech. 15

      Pages: 106-111

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] High-pressure generation in the Kawai-type apparatus equipped with sintered diamond anvils : application to the wurzite-rocksalt transformation in GaN.2005

    • Author(s)
      E.Ito
    • Journal Title

      Advances in High-Pressure Technology for Geophysical Applications

      Pages: 451-460

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Temperature dependence of the elastic moduli of ringwoodite2005

    • Author(s)
      N.Mayama
    • Journal Title

      Phys.Earth Planet.Int. 148

      Pages: 353-359

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] A new solid-liquid hybrid system for acoustic velocity measurement in the Kawai type high pressure apparatus2005

    • Author(s)
      M.Song
    • Journal Title

      Rev.Sci.Instrum. 76

      Pages: 33906-33906

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] High pressure and high temperature experiments using sintered diamond anvils2007

    • Author(s)
      Ito E., et. al.
    • Organizer
      7th High Pressure Mineral Physics Seminar
    • Place of Presentation
      宮城県松島
    • Year and Date
      2007-05-09
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report 2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] Seminar2007

    • Author(s)
      E., Ito, D., Yamazaki, T., Katsura, H., Hukui, T., Yoshino, S., Zhai
    • Organizer
      7th High Pressure Mineral Physics
    • Place of Presentation
      Matsushima, Japan
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] High pressure and high temperature experiments using sintered diamond anvils2007

    • Author(s)
      A., Shatskiy, Y., Aizawa, S., Yokoshi, A., Nozawa, Funakoshi
    • Organizer
      7th High Pressure Mineral Physics Seminar
    • Place of Presentation
      Matsushima, Japan
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Remarks] 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より

    • URL

      http://www.misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp/~hacto/top_j.html

    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      http://www.misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp/~hacto/top_j.html

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] トランスデューサ及びこのトランスデューサを備えた計測装置2005

    • Inventor(s)
      米田 明
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      米田 明
    • Industrial Property Number
      2005-176856
    • Filing Date
      2005-06-16
    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2005-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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