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In search of the Ainu''s trace in the Tohoku district, Honshu, Japan: skeletal morphological and genetic perspectives

Research Project

Project/Area Number 17370089
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Anthropology
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

DODO Yukio  Tohoku University, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Professor (50000146)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) MATSUMURA Hirohumi  Sapporo Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Associate Professor (70209617)
KAWAKUBO Yoshinori  Saga Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Assistant Professor (80379619)
SUZUKI Toshihiko  Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Assistant Professor (70261518)
ADACHI Noboru  University of Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Professor (60282125)
SAWADA Junmei  St. Marianna University, School of Medicine, Assistant Professor (10374943)
瀧川 渉  東北大学, 大学院医学系研究科, 助手 (90323005)
坂上 和弘  独立行政法人国立科学博物館, 人類研究部, 研究員 (70333789)
Project Period (FY) 2005 – 2007
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2007)
Budget Amount *help
¥15,740,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥5,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥5,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,800,000)
KeywordsAnthropology / Genetics / Tohoku / Hokkaido / Ancient Emishi / Ainu / Jomon / Dual structure model / 古人骨 / 江戸時代 / 奈良・平安時代 / 古墳時代 / 北海道アイヌ / 東北地方北部 / 歴史時代 / 和人 / 蝦夷
Research Abstract

Human remains ranging from the protohistoric Kofun to early modern Edo period, unearthed from the Tohoku district, northern Honshu Island of Japan, were examined in respect of skeletal morphology and genetics. Cranial nonmetric and metric analyses demonstrated geographical cline in those traits from Kyushu, through Kanto and Tohoku to Hokkaido. Such geographical cline was most remarkable among the samples of the Kofun period. Though the cline is still evident in the Edo period, it is less traceable in the present-day Japanese due to the samples being morphologically more homogeneous. These findings support the view, so-called "dual structural model" by Hanihara (1991), that the genes of immigrants from mainland East Asia came in the Kyushu district during the Yayoi period and have gradually spread throughout Japan with interbreeding with indigenous descendants from the Jomon.
The early modern northern Tohoku people and Hokkaido Ainu were not effectively distinguished from one another by discriminant function analyses using cranial metric data, resulting from the findings of gradual geographical cline: Kyushuy〓Kanto〓Tohoku〓Hokkaido. The Tohoku Kofun samples used were from Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, not encompassing the specimens from northern Tohoku in the past referred as to "Emishi". The latter were speculated to be more akin to the Jomon-Ainu linage, considering above findings of geographical cline in cranial morphology. There is a long-standing debate about whether the ethnicity of the "Emishi" was Japanese or Ainu. We do not conclude that these people were Ainu or Japanese, but were descending side by side from the Jomon population through protohistoric and historic periods in this region.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis found a haplogroup "N9b" in one of 9 specimens of the ancient Tohoku series, which shared with the Jomon people in Hokkaido and Tohoku, as well as Hokkaido Ainu.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2007 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2006 Annual Research Report
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (26 results)

All 2008 2007 2006 2005

All Journal Article (19 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 5 results) Presentation (3 results) Book (4 results)

  • [Journal Article] Population history of the Tohoku district, the northern region of Honshu in Japan: craniometric perspectives.2008

    • Author(s)
      Kawakubo Y.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (印刷中)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Dental characteristics of past and modern Tohoku people in Japan: implications for biological affinity with ancient Emishi.2008

    • Author(s)
      Matsumura H.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (印刷中)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Population history of the Tohoku district, the northern region of Honshu in Japan: craniometric perspectives2008

    • Author(s)
      Kawakubo Y. et. al.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (in press)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Dental characteristics of past and modern Tohoku people in Japan: implications for biological affinity with ancient Emishi2008

    • Author(s)
      Matsumura H. et. al.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (in press)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Geographical and temporal variation in facial flatness in the crania of eastern Japan.2007

    • Author(s)
      Kawakubo Y.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science 115

      Pages: 191-200

    • NAID

      10020274692

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Geographical and temporal variation in facia flatness in the crania of eastern Japan.2007

    • Author(s)
      Kawakubo Y.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science 115

      Pages: 191-200

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Population differences in the appearance of the inter-metatarsal articular facet of the first metatarsal bone.2007

    • Author(s)
      Sakaue K.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo, Ser. D 33

      Pages: 1-8

    • NAID

      110007342375

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 縄文人とアイヌは人種の孤島か?2007

    • Author(s)
      百々幸雄
    • Journal Title

      遺伝 62

      Pages: 50-54

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Non-metric dental trait variation among local sites and regional groups of Neolithic Jomon period, Japan2007

    • Author(s)
      Matsumura H.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science 115(印刷中)

    • NAID

      10018910516

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 縄文人とアイヌは人種の孤島か?2007

    • Author(s)
      百々 幸雄
    • Journal Title

      遺伝 61

      Pages: 50-54

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Kinship analysis of the Jomon skeletons unearthed from a double burial at the Usu-Moshiri site, Hokkaido, Japan2006

    • Author(s)
      Adachi N.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science 114

      Pages: 29-34

    • NAID

      10018120465

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Application of the Suchey-Brooks system of pubic age estimation to recent Japanese skeletal material2006

    • Author(s)
      Sakaue K.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science 114

      Pages: 59-64

    • NAID

      10018120605

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Ethnogenesis and craniofacial changes in Japan from the perspective of nonmetric traits2006

    • Author(s)
      Ossenberg NS.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science 114

      Pages: 99-115

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Early historic human remains from the Hasekouji-Shuhen site in Kamakura, Japan2006

    • Author(s)
      Matsumura H.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science 114

      Pages: 199-210

    • NAID

      10018443899

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Ethnogenesis and craniofacial change in Japan from the perspective of nonmetric traits2006

    • Author(s)
      Ossenberg NS
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Kinship analysis of the Jomon skeletons unearthed from a double burial at the Usu-Moshiri site, Hokkaido, Japan2006

    • Author(s)
      Adachi N
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (印刷中)

    • NAID

      10018120465

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Application of the Suchey-Brooks system of pubic age estimation to recent Japanese skeletal materials2006

    • Author(s)
      Sakaue K
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (印刷中)

    • NAID

      10018120605

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 四肢骨の計測的特徴からみた東日本縄文人と北海道アイヌ2005

    • Author(s)
      瀧川 渉
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) 113

      Pages: 43-61

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Metric data of human crania from the Tohoku region, Honshu, Japan, housed at the Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tohoku University School of Medicine2005

    • Author(s)
      Kawakubo Y
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum 4

      Pages: 1-16

    • NAID

      120004682303

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 東北地方北部江戸時代人の頭蓋形態2007

    • Author(s)
      川久保善智
    • Organizer
      第61回日本人類学会大会
    • Place of Presentation
      新潟市
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-06
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] Cranial morphology of early modern population in morthern Tohoku2007

    • Author(s)
      Kawakubo Y. ed. al.
    • Organizer
      61st Annual Meeting of Anthropological Society of Nippon
    • Place of Presentation
      Niigata
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-06
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] The parallelism between the "Dual Structure Model" for the population history in Japan and the "Two Layer Hypothesis" in Southeast Asia.2007

    • Author(s)
      Matsumura H.
    • Organizer
      21st Pacific Science Congress, Okinawa, Japan
    • Place of Presentation
      那覇市
    • Year and Date
      2007-06-13
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 骨が語る奥州戦国九戸落城2008

    • Author(s)
      百々幸雄
    • Total Pages
      216
    • Publisher
      東北大学出版会
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] Hone ga kataru Oushu Sengoku Kunohe Rakujo2008

    • Author(s)
      Dodo Y. et. al.
    • Total Pages
      216
    • Publisher
      Tohoku University Press
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] 骨は語る奥州戦国九戸落城2008

    • Author(s)
      百々幸雄・他
    • Total Pages
      216
    • Publisher
      東北大学出版会
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] アイヌと縄文人-日本列島の礎を築いた人びと2006

    • Author(s)
      百々 幸雄
    • Total Pages
      20
    • Publisher
      財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構
    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2005-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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