| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,830,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Study 1
The present study focused on the relationship between cigarette smoking and changes of host defense mechanism of Salivary PMNs (SPMNs). Twenty volunteers with clinically healthy gingiva (ten : smokers, ten : non-smokers) took part as the participants in this study. All volunteers consented to be participated in this research. The smokers showed at least 4 points according to Fagerstrom's tobacco tolerance questionnaire and smoked before this study. SPMNs were isolated. The enzyme activities (elastase and cathepsin) and oxidative burst were estimated with CellProbe^<TM> using flow cytometer (FCM). % phagocytosis and status of antigen on cell surface were also investigated by FCM. In smokers, elastase and cathepsin activities showed low values of mean channel (smoker : 93.3 and 55.5, non smoker : 315.2 and 90.0, p<0.05 ANOVA), and oxidative burst was increased in smokers. % Phagocytosis showed low values in smokers (smoker : 45.3%, non smoker : 72.0%). These findings suggest that
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enzyme and phagocytic activities of SPMNs were decreased in smokers and cigarette smoking could impair immunological functions in the oral cavity.
Study 2
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the constituents of saliva and clinical conditions in periodontal disease patients for each smoking status (smokers, former smokers and non-smokers). 82 adult patients with chronic periodontitis (smoker : 24, former smoker : 13, non-smoker : 45) were recruited and consented to participate in this study. The salivary constituents (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALT), free hemoglobin (f-Hb), GOT, GPT) and clinical parameters were measured at initial examination. In smokers, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) showed high value and bleeding on probing (BOP) showed low value. LDH and ALP activities, and f-Hb showed high values in smokers. There are no relationship between non-smokers and former smokers. In particular, we observed significant correlations between salivary LDH activity and PD and BOP (p<0.05) in non-smokers, however observed no significant correlations in smokers. These results suggest that detection of biochemical marker activities in whole saliva are useful for evaluating the periodontal condition in non-smokers. Less
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