Effect of background brain states on motor memory formation, retrieval and maintenance

• Project/Area Number: 17H00874
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Developmental mechanisms and the body works
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: Nozaki Daichi 東京大学, 大学院教育学研究科(教育学部), 教授 (70360683)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 門田 宏 高知工科大学, 情報学群, 准教授 (00415366) ; 平島 雅也 国立研究開発法人情報通信研究機構, 脳情報通信融合研究センター脳情報通信融合研究室, 主任研究員 (20541949)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥43,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥33,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,930,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥9,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,160,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥9,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,160,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥9,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,160,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥14,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,450,000)
• Keywords: 運動記憶 / 運動学習 / 脳状態 / 非侵襲脳刺激 / 多様性練習 / 腕到達運動 / 非侵襲的脳刺激 / 到達運動 / 経頭蓋直流電気刺激 / 脳機能画像

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The motor memory is created depending on the state of the somatosensory cortex during motor learning. By manipulating the brain state using a noninvasive brain stimulation (tDCS), this study has first demonstrated that the degree of learned motor performance is determined by the similarity in the brain states between during learning and retrieval. This result implies that one reason why the learned motor skill is not well performed is that the brain states during the memory retrieval are inevitably different from those during motor learning. We have experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that diversifying the brain states during motor learning enables to overcome this problem and helps to create motor memory that is more resistant to forgetting.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

練習した運動スキルが実際に本番で発揮できるかどうかは、スポーツ、楽器演奏のみならず様々な機器の操作などに従事する人にとって重要な問題である。本研究は運動学習時と学習後の運動実行時（想起時）の感覚運動野状態の類似度が、練習効果をどの程度発揮できるかを決定するということを、非侵襲的脳刺激によって脳状態を操作することにより明らかにした点、また運動課題や脳状態の多様性を増やすことで、忘却しにくいより強固な運動記憶を形成可能であることを実験的・理論的に示した点で、学術的のみならず実践的な観点からも意義があると考えられる。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Cosine tuning determines plantarflexors' activities during human upright standing and is affected by incomplete spinal cord injury (2020)
  • Author(s): Fok Kai Lon、Lee Jae W、Unger Janelle、Chan Katherine、Nozaki Daichi、Musselman Kristin E、Masani Kei
  • Journal Title: Journal of Neurophysiology Volume: 123 Pages: 2343-2354
  • DOI: 10.1152/jn.00123.2020
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Divisively normalized integration of multisensory error information develops motor memories specific to vision and proprioception (2020)
  • Author(s): Hayashi T, Kato Y, Nozaki D
  • Journal Title: Journal of Neuroscience Volume: 40 Issue: 7 Pages: 1560-1570
  • DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1745-19.2019
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] "Paralympic Brain". Compensation and reorganization of a damaged human brain with intensive physical trainig (2020)
  • Author(s): Nakazawa K, Obata H, Nozaki D, Uehara S, Cennik P
  • Journal Title: Sports Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Pages: 46-46
  • DOI: 10.3390/sports8040046
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Individuals physically interacting in a group rapidly coordinate their movement by estimating the collective goal (2018)
  • Author(s): Takagi A, Hirashima M, Nozaki D, Burdet E
  • Journal Title: eLife Volume: 8
  • DOI: 10.7554/elife.41328
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Motivational goal-priming with or without awareness produces faster and stronger force exertion (2018)
  • Author(s): Yudai Takarada, Daichi Nozaki
  • Journal Title: Scientific reports Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28410-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Pupil dilations induced by barely conscious reward goal-priming (2017)
  • Author(s): Takarada Yudai、Nozaki Daichi
  • Journal Title: Neuropsychologia Volume: 103 Pages: 69-76
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.020
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] 次世代健康・スポーツサービスの実現に向けた脳・身体科学的取り組み (2020)
  • Author(s): 平島雅也
  • Organizer: 第14回Motor Control研究会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Redundant visual error information processing by motor adaptation system according to divisive normalization mechanism (2019)
  • Author(s): Makino Y, Hayashi T, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: 29th Neural Control of Movement
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Sensorimotor adaptation to alteration of postural dynamics induced by a closed-loop perturbation system (2019)
  • Author(s): Hagio S, Azat A, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: 29th Neural Control of Movement
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Variable brain states practice improves the retention of motor memory (2019)
  • Author(s): Takemi M, Ogasawara T, Siebner H, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: 29th Neural Control of Movement
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Looking for a sign of failure in actions: Reaching Errors triggered by slowing down of movement and specific brain activity in preceding trials (2019)
  • Author(s): Kobayashi T, Takemi M, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: 29th Neural Control of Movement
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A new approach using electrical muscle stimulation to elucidate sensorimotor adaptation in human postural control system (2019)
  • Author(s): Hagio S, Azat A, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: International Society for Posture and Gait Research
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Variation of Sensorimotor Cortex Activity during Motor Practice Facilitates the Skill Retention (2019)
  • Author(s): Takemi T, Kosugi A, Sato Y, Kondo T, Okano H, Ushiba J, Siebner H, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: 2019 Organization of Human Brain Mapping Annual Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Divisively normalized processing of redundant visual error information by visuomotor adaptation system (2019)
  • Author(s): Makino Y, Hayashi T, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Successive failures caused by exploratory action in a reinforcement-based motor task (2019)
  • Author(s): Saito R, Kodama M, Nozaki D, Takemi M
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Encoding the control position relative to hand in motor memory for manipulating a tool (2019)
  • Author(s): Hara H, Takemi M, Hagio S, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Divisively normalized neural processing of uncertain visual feedback by the visuomotor adaptation system (2019)
  • Author(s): Makino Y, Hayashi T, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: 20th Workshop of Mechanism of Brain and Mind
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 運動学習系によるDivisive Normalization則に基づいた視覚情報の処理様式 (2019)
  • Author(s): 牧野勇登、林拓志、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第13回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] Focal transcranial alternating current stimulation to the sensorimotor hand area at individual alpha and beta rhythm; effects on corticospinal excitability (2019)
  • Author(s): 武見充晃, Mads J. Madsen, Janine Kesselheim, 田代祥一, Guilherme B. Saturnino, Axel Thielscher, Hartwig R. Siebner
  • Organizer: 第13回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 腕到達運動の視覚フィードバック応答が保たれた同名半盲患者の一例 (2019)
  • Author(s): 牛山潤一、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第13回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 遺伝的アルゴリズムを用いた最適な身体動作の推定 (2019)
  • Author(s): 村井亮介、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第13回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] ヒトの巧みな道具使用を可能にする操作点に依存した運動記憶形成 (2019)
  • Author(s): 原基，武見充晃，萩生翔大，野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第13回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 筋電気刺激による閉ループ型摂動印加システムを用いてヒト立位姿勢制御機構の適応性を解明する (2019)
  • Author(s): 萩生翔大・Anvar Azat・野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第13回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 両手で道具を操作する冗長な運動課題制御の最適化 (2019)
  • Author(s): 小林稔季, 野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第13回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] Looking for a Sign of Failure in Actions: Reaching errors Triggered by Slowing Down of Movement and Specific Brain Activity in Preceding Trials (2019)
  • Author(s): Kobayashi T, Takemi M, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Workshop of the Mechanism of Brain and Mind 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Variable brain states practice improves motor memory retention (2019)
  • Author(s): Takemi M, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Workshop of the Mechanism of Brain and Mind 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Motor memory retrieval interrupts time-dependent motor memory decay (2019)
  • Author(s): Sasaki A, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Workshop of the Mechanism of Brain and Mind 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Divisively normalized integration of visual and proprioceptive motor memories for motor adaptation (2018)
  • Author(s): Hayashi T, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Neural Control of Movement 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Short-term memory maintenance by motor memory retrieval (2018)
  • Author(s): Sasaki A, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Neural Control of Movement 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Motor practice under variable cortical activities fosters the stability of motor memories (2018)
  • Author(s): Takemi M, Ogasawara T, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Neural Control of Movement 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Variety of target position in force-field reaching task affects retention of the motor skill (2018)
  • Author(s): Ogasawara T, Takemi M, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Muscle-based perturbation using electrical stimulation revealed sensorimotor coordination in multiple muscles during motor adaptation (2018)
  • Author(s): Hagio S, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Sensorimotor adaptation to alteration in postural dynamics induced by a novel electrical muscle stimulation system (2018)
  • Author(s): Azat A, Hagio S, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Looking for a sign of failures: Reaching error triggered by slowing down of movement in preceding trials (2018)
  • Author(s): Kobayashi T, Takemi M, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Motor practice under transcranially induced variable brain states improves the retention of motor memories (2018)
  • Author(s): Takemi M, Nozaki D
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 運動記憶の想起は時間経過に依存した忘却を食い止める (2018)
  • Author(s): 佐々木彰一, 野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第12回 Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 運動記憶の安定性を高める多様な脳状態下での運動学習 (2018)
  • Author(s): 武見充晃, Hartig R. Siebner, 野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第12回 Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 熟達した運動スキル遂行時における動作ミスの予兆 (2018)
  • Author(s): 小林稔季, 武見充晃, 野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第12回 Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 適度な標的位置多様性は運動到達運動記憶の強い定着を促進する (2018)
  • Author(s): 小笠原東洋, 武見充晃, 野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第12回 Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 単一骨格筋ダイナミクスの変化に対する筋活動の修正パターンを明らかにする (2018)
  • Author(s): 萩生翔大, 野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第12回 Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] Artificially increasing brain state variability enhances motor memory consolidation (2018)
  • Author(s): Mitsuaki Takemi, Daichi Nozaki
  • Organizer: Winter Workshop on Mechanism of Brain and Mind 2018
• [Presentation] 背景脳状態に依存して想起・保持される運動記憶 (2017)
  • Author(s): 武見充晃、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第11回モーターコントロール研究
• [Presentation] 標的位置の多様性が到達運動記憶の定着に及ぼす影響 (2017)
  • Author(s): 小笠原東洋、武見充晃、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第11回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 筋シナジーを基盤として進む腕到達運動の学習 (2017)
  • Author(s): 萩生翔大、神崎素樹、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第11回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 粗大-巧緻運動を支える一次運動野の神経機能 (2017)
  • Author(s): 木村岳裕、日高一郎、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 第11回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 全身動作のリアルタイム視覚情報変換フィードバッ クシステム (2017)
  • Author(s): 山本健太、池上剛、平島雅也
  • Organizer: 第11回Motor Control研究会
• [Presentation] 腕到達運動学習時における筋骨格系の運動制御則 (2017)
  • Author(s): 萩生翔大、神崎素樹、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 日本体育学会第68回大会
• [Presentation] Spatiotemporal control of redundant musculoskeletal system is modularly regulated in motor adaptation (2017)
  • Author(s): Shota Hagio, Motoki Kozaki, Daichi Nozaki
  • Organizer: International Society of Biomechanics 2017
• [Presentation] Low-dimensional modification of musculoskeletal variables in motor adaptation (2017)
  • Author(s): Shota Hagio, Motoki Kozaki, Daichi Nozaki
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2017
• [Presentation] Implicit manipulation of gait parameters by a visuomotor adaptation paradigm (2017)
  • Author(s): Yamamoto K, Ikegami T, Hirashima M.
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 2017
• [Presentation] Short-term maintenance of motor memories by movement execution (2017)
  • Author(s): 佐々木彰一、野崎大地
  • Organizer: 日本神経科学学会
• [Presentation] The effect of viewpoint conversion on motor memory (2017)
  • Author(s): Sawada S, Kadota H
  • Organizer: International Workshop on Human-Engaged Computing, Kochi University of Technology
• [Presentation] 皮質脊髄路興奮性調節の左右差が小さいほど両手協調運動の学習速度が速い (2017)
  • Author(s): 山崎雛子、田中真理、風間美咲、平上慎之介、二橋元紀、門田宏、関口浩文
  • Organizer: 第 72回日本体力医学会大会
• [Presentation] 皮質脊髄路入手出力特性のgainが高いほど運動学習は早い (2017)
  • Author(s): 関口浩文、二橋元紀、 門田宏
  • Organizer: 第72回日本体力医学会大会
• [Book] 運動学習の脳・神経科学―その基礎から臨床まで 「運動の制御と学習におけるオンライン修正とオフライ ン修正の役割」 (2020)
  • Author(s): 林拓志、野崎大地
  • Total Pages: 216
  • Publisher: 市村出版
• [Book] 日常と非日常からみる心と脳の科学：「無の境地でナイスプレイ」 身体運動の学習と制御 における意識的なプロセスと無意識的なプロセス (2017)
  • Author(s): 平島雅也
  • Total Pages: 198
  • Publisher: コロナ社
  • ISBN: 9784339078145
• [Book] 日常と非日常からみる心と脳の科学：よく学び、よく休め (2017)
  • Author(s): 門田宏
  • Total Pages: 198
  • Publisher: コロナ社
  • ISBN: 9784339078145
• [Remarks] 野崎研究室HP
  • URL: http://www.p.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~dnl