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Nitrogen fluxes and chemical evolution potential in the Hadean Earth addressed by simulated experiments

Research Project

Project/Area Number 17H01176
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Geochemistry/Cosmochemistry
Research InstitutionJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

TAKAI Ken  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 超先鋭研究開発部門, 部門長 (80359166)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 矢野 創  国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 助教 (00321571)
西澤 学  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 深海・地殻内生物圏研究分野, 研究員 (60447539)
黒澤 耕介  千葉工業大学, 惑星探査研究センター, 上席研究員 (80616433)
上野 雄一郎  東京工業大学, 理学院, 教授 (90422542)
渋谷 岳造  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 深海・地殻内生物圏研究分野, 研究員 (00512906)
Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2020-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
Budget Amount *help
¥44,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,260,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥14,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥14,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥15,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,660,000)
Keywords生命の起源 / 化学進化 / 還元的窒素化合物 / 原始地球 / 隕石衝突 / 原始海洋 / 原始大気 / アンモニア態窒素 / 含窒素有機物 / 深海熱水
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This research has pursued the potential fluxes of reduced nitrogen compounds in the Hadean Earth, when the earthly life originated, by means of simulated state-of-art experiments for meteorite impact on ocean, UV irradiation and lightning discharge, and submarine hydrothermal circulations. Based on the data obtained from these newly developed experiments, we have estimated the potential supply fluxes of reduced nitrogen compounds from extraterrestrial and terrestrial sources. Although the significant contribution of extraterrestrial organic matter is not still ruled out, the synthesis of reduced nitrogen compounds in the ocean throughout the processes of lightning (NOx from N2), precipitation in the ocean (NOx accumlation), and hydrithermal circulation (reduced nitrogens from NOx) is the most predominant supply of reduced nitrogen compounds in the Hadean Earth. This implies that deep-sea hydrothermal vents would be the most advantageous for chemical evolution in the Hadean Earth.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

学際的かつ独創的なアプローチと綿密に準備された研究計画を通じて「含窒素有機物生成やアンモニア態窒素供給における雷-海洋-熱水窒素固定シナリオの重要性」が示されたことによって、「生命誕生の場=深海熱水」説を支持する新しい重要な科学的根拠が得られた。つまり「生命はどこでどのように誕生したのか」という人類の根源的知的好奇心や科学史上最大の科学命題の一つに対して現時点での最高水準の描像を提示することが出来た点において、我が国の学術・文化水準の向上・強化に多大な貢献を果たしただけでなく、次世代の研究者や一般国民の知的好奇心を活性化し、我が国の学術の独創性や創造性の発現に大きく寄与した。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2019 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2018 Annual Research Report
  • 2017 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (10 results)

All 2019 2018 2017

All Journal Article (2 results) (of which Open Access: 2 results,  Peer Reviewed: 1 results) Presentation (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Invited: 1 results) Book (2 results)

  • [Journal Article] The Nitrogen Cycle: A Large, Fast, and Mystifying Cycle2019

    • Author(s)
      Ken Takai
    • Journal Title

      Microbes and Environments

      Volume: 34 Issue: 3 Pages: 223-225

    • DOI

      10.1264/jsme2.ME3403rh

    • NAID

      130007711549

    • ISSN
      1342-6311, 1347-4405
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 宇宙における共通物理・化学現象としての生命の誕生2018

    • Author(s)
      高井研
    • Journal Title

      Viva Origino

      Volume: 45 Pages: 1-16

    • NAID

      130008116890

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 開放系における固体ー液体 (水) 間衝突現象の観測 III2019

    • Author(s)
      西澤学, 松井洋平, 渋谷岳造, 須田好, 高井研, 矢野創
    • Organizer
      平成 30 年度宇宙科学に関する室内実験シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] コマチアイト熱水環境における非生物学的硝酸還元と初期地球窒素循環2019

    • Author(s)
      西澤学, 斎藤拓也, 眞壁明子, 渋谷岳造, 高井研
    • Organizer
      日本地球化学会第 66 回年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Hypervelocity Impact Experiments to Study Meteorite Fragmentation in the Ocean and Impact-Derived Products2019

    • Author(s)
      M Nishizawa, Y Matsui, K Suda, T Saito, T Shibuya, H Yano, K Takai
    • Organizer
      Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 初期地球海底熱水環境における非生物学的硝酸還元2018

    • Author(s)
      西澤学, 斎藤拓也, 眞壁明子, 渋谷岳造, 高井研
    • Organizer
      2018 年度日本地球化学会第 65 回年会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Experimental study of hypervelocity impact of meteoritic material into liquid water in an open system for better understanding of the fate of extraterrestrial organics in the Hadean ocean2017

    • Author(s)
      M. Nishizawa, Y. Matsui, T. Shibuya, K. Suda, K. Takai, H. Yano
    • Organizer
      2017年日本地球惑星科学連合大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 開放系における隕石ー海水間超高速衝突現象の観測2017

    • Author(s)
      西澤学、松井洋平、渋谷岳造、須田好、高井研、矢野創
    • Organizer
      日本地球化学会第64回年会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 対論! 生命誕生の謎2019

    • Author(s)
      山岸 明彦、高井 研
    • Total Pages
      192
    • Publisher
      集英社インターナショナル
    • ISBN
      9784797680478
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 生命の起源はどこまでわかったか : 深海と宇宙から迫る2018

    • Author(s)
      高井 研
    • Total Pages
      206
    • Publisher
      岩波書店
    • ISBN
      9784000062848
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2017-04-28   Modified: 2021-02-19  

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