| Budget Amount *help |
¥10,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,460,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 European and North American countries. One of the most difficult issues is deciding when the United States (US) and allies should exercise military force in foreign policy, even for humanitarian intervention. When is it justified to use military force? After the end of the Cold War, it also authorized “all necessary measures” to “protect civilians.”The September 11 attacks in the United States caused NATO to invoke Article 5 of the NATO Charter for the first time in the organization's history. In 2011, NATO intervenes the threat of attack in Libya under responsibility to protect. No studies have been conducted on military intervention to comprehensively investigate the gap between logic and reality. This project sought to make a modest contribution to this complex issue by looking at the evolution of international intervention after the end of the Cold War.
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