Transportation History in Post-Mongolian Eurasia and its Environmental Aspect

• Project/Area Number: 17J06954
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 国内
• Research Field: Historical studies in general
• Research Institution: Osaka University
• Principal Investigator: 早川 尚志 大阪大学, 文学研究科, 特別研究員(DC1)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-26 – 2020-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
• Keywords: 交通史 / 環境史 / 太陽活動

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本年度は帰国後、英国での在外研究時の調査結果も踏まえつつ、当該課題についての研究遂行と成果発信を行った。ポストモンゴル期の交通史の検討についてはティムール帝国期の駅伝制と隊商の相互関係について、多言語史料の照合し、その成果を複数の研究集会で報告した。また、当該テーマの検討に当たり、「東方キリスト教世界の旅と移動」という切口でシンポジウムを組織・開催し、国内における当該テーマの若手研究者を一堂に会し、ユーラシア各地の移動や情報伝達の形態と広範な比較検討を行った。
ポストモンゴル期の環境史上の検討については、同時代の環境変動を近代観測の事例と橋渡しして、これまでの定性的な議論をより定量的なものに発展せしめた。14-17世紀の太陽活動の検討の鍵となる肉眼黒点について、これまでbヴァ口宣と記録の存在のみが定性的に指摘されていた状況を改善し、近代観測の事例研究との比較から観測条件を復元した。また、太陽嵐の規模推定について、前7世紀から19世紀をまたいで複数の事例を広範に検討した。
モンゴル帝国期とその後の時代に見られた、いわゆるウォルフ極小期（1270-1340）とシュペーラー極小期（1390-1550）という太陽活動の低調な時期は、いわゆる「14世紀の危機」としばしば結びつけられていたが、その深度については年輪や氷床コアのプロキシデータからしか知見が得られていなかった。それに対し、本研究課題では、このような極小期と対比される、近代観測史上の極小期、マウンダー極小期とダルトン極小期の太陽観測データを原典に準拠して大きく改訂し、既存の長期トレンドの理解を向上せしめた。特に前者の検討はユーラシア中央域でポストモンゴル期の諸政権が終焉を迎える所謂「17世紀の危機」と時期的に重複するため、今後のグローバルヒストリーの展開の上での基礎になる。

Research Progress Status

令和元年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和元年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] ベルギー王立天文台(ベルギー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ラザフォード・アップルトン研究所/レディング大学/ダラム大学(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 国立太陽観測所/コロラド大学/USGS(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] オーストリア科学アカデミー/グラーツ大学(オーストリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ポツダム天文台(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research]
• [Int'l Joint Research] Rutherford Appleton Laboratory/The University of Durham/The University of Reading(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] The University of Colorado/The National Solar Observatory(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] The Royal Observatory of Belgium(ベルギー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] The University of Extremadura(スペイン)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Indian Institute of Geomagnetism(インド)
• [Int'l Joint Research]
• [Int'l Joint Research] Rutherford Appleton Laboratory(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] The University of Colorado/National Solar Observatory(米国)
• [Journal Article] Thaddaeus Derfflinger’s Sunspot Observations during 1802-1824: A Primary Reference to Understand the Dalton Minimum (2020)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Besser Bruno P.、Iju Tomoya、Arlt Rainer、Uneme Shoma、Imada Shinsuke、Bourdin Philippe-A.、Kraml Amand
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 890 Issue: 2 Pages: 98-98
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab65c9
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Intense Geomagnetic Storm during Maunder Minimum Possibly by a Quiescent Filament Eruption (2019)
  • Author(s): Isobe Hiroaki、Ebihara Yusuke、Kawamura Akito D.、Tamazawa Harufumi、Hayakawa Hisashi
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 887 Issue: 1 Pages: 7-7
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab107e
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The Earliest Candidates of Auroral Observations in Assyrian Astrological Reports: Insights on Solar Activity around 660 BCE (2019)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi; Mitsuma Yasuyuki; Ebihara Yusuke; Miyake Fusa
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 884(L18) Issue: 1 Pages: 1-7
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab42e4
  • NAID: 120007133209
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859 (2019)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Ebihara Yusuke、Willis David M.、Toriumi Shin、Iju Tomoya、Hattori Kentaro、Wild Matthew N.、Oliveira Denny M.、Ermolli Ilaria、Ribeiro Jos? R.、Correia Ana P.、Ribeiro Ana I.、Knipp Delores J.
  • Journal Title: Space Weather Volume: 17 Issue: 11 Pages: 1553-1569
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019sw002269
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Unaided-Eye Sunspot Observations in 1769 November: A Comparison of Graphical Records in the East and the West (2019)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa, H., Willis, D. M., Hattori, K., Notsu, Y., Wild, M. N., Karoff, C.
  • Journal Title: Solar Physics Volume: 294 Pages: 95-95
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Occurrence of great magnetic storms on 6-8 March 1582 (2019)
  • Author(s): Hattori, K., Hayakawa, H., Ebihara, Y.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 486 Issue: 3 Pages: 3550-3559
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1401
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A Transit of Venus Possibly Misinterpreted as an Unaided-Eye Sunspot Observation in China on 1874 December 9 (2019)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa, H., Soma, M., Tanikawa, K., Willis, D. M., Wild, M. N., Macdonald, L. T., Imada, S., Hattori, K., Stephenson, F. R.
  • Journal Title: Solar Physics Volume: 294 Pages: 119-119
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Two debatable cases for the reconstruction of the solar activity around the Maunder Minimum: Malapert and Derham (2019)
  • Author(s): Carrasco V M S、Vaquero J M、Gallego M C、Villalba??lvarez J、Hayakawa H
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters Volume: 485 Issue: 1 Pages: L53-L57
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slz027
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Celestial Sign in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 770s: Insights on Contemporary Solar Activity (2019)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Stephenson F. Richard、Uchikawa Yuta、Ebihara Yusuke、Scott Christopher J.、Wild Matthew N.、Wilkinson Julia、Willis David M.
  • Journal Title: Solar Physics Volume: 294 Issue: 4 Pages: 42-42
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11207-019-1424-8
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Do the Chinese Astronomical Records Dated AD 776 January 12/13 Describe an Auroral Display or a Lunar Halo? A Critical Re-examination (2019)
  • Author(s): Stephenson F. Richard、Willis David M.、Hayakawa Hisashi、Ebihara Yusuke、Scott Christopher J.、Wilkinson Julia、Wild Matthew N.
  • Journal Title: Solar Physics Volume: 294 Issue: 4 Pages: 36-36
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11207-019-1425-7
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The extreme space weather event in September 1909 (2018)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Ebihara Yusuke、Cliver Edward W、Hattori Kentaro、Toriumi Shin、Love Jeffrey J、Umemura Norio、Namekata Kosuke、Sakaue Takahito、Takahashi Takuya、Shibata Kazunari
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 484 Issue: 3 Pages: 4083-4099
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty3196
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Low-latitude Aurorae during the Extreme Space Weather Events in 1859 (2018)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Ebihara Yusuke、Hand David P.、Hayakawa Satoshi、Kumar Sandeep、Mukherjee Shyamoli、Veenadhari B.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 869 Issue: 1 Pages: 57-57
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae47c
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Great Space Weather Event during 1872 February Recorded in East Asia (2018)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Ebihara Yusuke、Willis David M.、Hattori Kentaro、Giunta Alessandra S.、Wild Matthew N.、Hayakawa Satoshi、Toriumi Shin、Mitsuma Yasuyuki、Macdonald Lee T.、Shibata Kazunari、Silverman Sam M.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 862 Issue: 1 Pages: 15-15
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A great space weather event in February 1730 (2018)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Ebihara Yusuke、Vaquero Jos? M.、Hattori Kentaro、Carrasco V?ctor M. S.、de la Cruz Gallego Mar?a、Hayakawa Satoshi、Watanabe Yoshikazu、Iwahashi Kiyomi、Tamazawa Harufumi、Kawamura Akito D.、Isobe Hiroaki
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 616 Pages: A177-A177
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832735
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Long-lasting Extreme Magnetic Storm Activities in 1770 Found in Historical Documents (2017)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Iwahashi Kiyomi、Ebihara Yusuke、Tamazawa Harufumi、Shibata Kazunari、Knipp Delores J.、Kawamura Akito D.、Hattori Kentaro、Mase Kumiko、Nakanishi Ichiro、Isobe Hiroaki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 850 Issue: 2 Pages: L31-L31
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9661
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Records of auroral candidates and sunspots in Rikkokushi, chronicles of ancient Japan from early 7th century to 887 (2017)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Iwahashi Kiyomi、Tamazawa Harufumi、Ebihara Yusuke、Kawamura Akito Davis、Isobe Hiroaki、Namiki Katsuko、Shibata Kazunari
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 69 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-15
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx087
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Records of sunspots and aurora candidates in the Chinese official histories of the Yu?n and M?ng dynasties during 1261?1644 (2017)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa Hisashi、Tamazawa Harufumi、Ebihara Yusuke、Miyahara Hiroko、Kawamura Akito Davis、Aoyama Tadanobu、Isobe Hiroaki
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 69 Issue: 4 Pages: 65-65
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx045
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The earliest drawings of datable auroras and a two-tail comet from the Syriac Chronicle of Zuqnin (2017)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa, H., Y. Mitsuma, Y. Fujiwara, A. D. Kawamura, R. Kataoka, Y. Ebihara, S. Kosaka, K. Iwahashi, H. Tamazawa, and H. Isobe
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-13
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psw128
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] Derfflingers Sunspot Observations: Revision of Key Observational Data for the Dalton Minimum (2020)
  • Author(s): Hisashi Hayakawa
  • Organizer: PSTEP 4
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] ユーラシア中央域における使節と隊商－ティムール朝期の事例研究― (2019)
  • Author(s): 早川尚志
  • Organizer: 東方キリスト教世界の旅と移動
• [Presentation] Historical Candidate Auroras in Comparison with Auroral Reports during Known Extreme Events (2019)
  • Author(s): Hisashi Hayakawa et al.
  • Organizer: Space Climate 7
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Reconstructing the Extreme Space Weather Event in 1872 Based on Multiple Source Documents (2019)
  • Author(s): Hisashi Hayakawa et al.
  • Organizer: IUGG 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 過去の環境変動の復元における歴史学の寄与：8世紀と17世紀についての太陽活動復元の試みの事例紹介 (2019)
  • Author(s): 早川尚志
  • Organizer: 大阪大学歴史教育研究会
• [Presentation] 17世紀の危機と14世紀の危機 (2019)
  • Author(s): 早川尚志
  • Organizer: WS 14世紀の危機
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Reconstructing Extreme Space Weather Events in History (2019)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa, H., et al.
  • Organizer: AGU Chapman Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Going beyond the database to the Historical Data: Geomagnetic Storms and Aurorae (2018)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa, H.
  • Organizer: European Space Weather Week
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Footprints of extreme space weather events in historical documents (2018)
  • Author(s): Hayakawa, H.
  • Organizer: ISEE International workshop "Extreme solar events: How hostile can the Sun be?"
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Carrington-class storms excavated from Historical Documents (2018)
  • Author(s): Hisashi Hayakawa
  • Organizer: SAC Seminar
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 河川流路と交通路：14-17世紀の中央アジアの事例研究 (2018)
  • Author(s): 早川尚志
  • Organizer: 中央アジア学フォーラム
• [Presentation] チャガタイ・ウルスの公交通と私交通についての一試論 (2017)
  • Author(s): 早川尚志
  • Organizer: イスラーム地域研究・若手研究者の会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Caravans, Cities, and Urban Authorities in East Turkistan after the Mongolian Empire (2017)
  • Author(s): Hisashi Hayakawa
  • Organizer: International Conference for Power and Daily Living in Urban Space
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] モグール・ウルス下でのイリ・ユルドゥーズルートの衰亡 (2017)
  • Author(s): 早川尚志
  • Organizer: ヘレニズム～イスラーム考古学研究会
• [Presentation] Scaling Space Weather Events Before Carrington Event (2017)
  • Author(s): Hisashi Hayakawa
  • Organizer: SPOD Seminar of Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Book] Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun (chapters 2, 6, and 7) (2019)
  • Author(s): Miyake, F., Usoskin, I. G., Poulianov, S., eds.
  • Total Pages: 276
  • Publisher: IOP
  • ISBN: 9780750322300
• [Remarks] Research Map
  • URL: https://researchmap.jp/hisashi.hayakawa