• Search Research Projects
  • Search Researchers
  • How to Use
  1. Back to previous page

Conditionals and topology; the origins of non-monotonicity

Research Project

Project/Area Number 17K02699
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Linguistics
Research InstitutionNagoya Gakuin University

Principal Investigator

Imani Ikumi  名古屋学院大学, 外国語学部, 教授 (20213233)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 田窪 行則  大学共同利用機関法人人間文化研究機構国立国語研究所, 大学共同利用機関等の部局等, 所長 (10154957)
Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Keywords条件文 / 非単調性推論 / 誘導推論 / 位相 / 半順序 / トポロジー / 非単調推論 / モダリティ / 言語学
Outline of Final Research Achievements

It is well-known that the attempts to apply material implication in logic to conditionals in natural languages have mostly failed because of their naiveness. One of the serious problems is caused by equivalence. For example, A → B is equivalent to ¬B → ¬A, but not to ¬A → ¬B. However, the inference from A → B to ¬A → ¬B is often observed in conditionals in natural languages.
Our analysis demonstrated that cases in which conditionals with a modal phrase demonstrate non-monotonicity cannot be analyzed in a logical system. We also found that there were cases in which objects on a scale have a partial order in natural languages, though it has been assumed in the literature that they have a total order. This means that sentences with scales and modal sentences share a commonality in that objects on a scale and the set of propositons can both be considered partially ordered.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

自然言語の条件文に関する推論の中に「誘導推論」と呼ばれる推論がある。たとえば、「雨が降るなら家にいる」と言った場合、「雨が降らなければ家にいない」と推論することがあるが、論理的にはこの推論は誤りである。
従来の推論研究ではこの現象を論理システムの中で説明しようとする試みが多いが、本研究では、「~かもしれない」のような様相表現を含む条件文の分析を通してこの試みがうまくいかない場合があることを示し、さらに様相命題集合の半順序性がスケール(尺度)においても見られることを示すことで、AIの分野などでも重要となる推論システムの研究の発展の一助となることを目指した。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2021 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • 2018 Research-status Report
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (20 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017

All Journal Article (3 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 2 results,  Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (11 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Invited: 7 results) Book (6 results)

  • [Journal Article] 従属節における係りの深さと受けの広さの相関について2019

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Journal Title

      KLS selected papers

      Volume: 44 Pages: 43-25

    • NAID

      120006881771

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] On the ambiguity of “nai-mono-wa-nai” in Japanese2018

    • Author(s)
      宝島 格・今仁生美
    • Journal Title

      名古屋学院大学論集 言語・文化篇

      Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Pages: 13-38

    • DOI

      10.15012/00001069

    • NAID

      120006458539

    • ISSN
      1344-364X
    • URL

      https://ngu.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/1082

    • Year and Date
      2018-03-31
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Language, Cognition and Logic,Viewed from the Polysemy of a Japanese Formal Noun <i>tokoro</i> (location)2018

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Journal Title

      GENGO KENKYU (Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan)

      Volume: 154 Issue: 0 Pages: 1-27

    • DOI

      10.11435/gengo.154.0_1

    • NAID

      130007659618

    • ISSN
      0024-3914, 2185-6710
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] Kuno's hypothesis and an alternative approach to negation in Japanese2018

    • Author(s)
      IMANI Ikumi
    • Organizer
      Semantics and Pragmatics Workshop in Tachikawa
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 比較表現「より」「ほど」「くらい」と極性の関係について2018

    • Author(s)
      今仁生美
    • Organizer
      ワークショップ:極性表現の構造・意味・機能(Polarity-sensitive expressions: Their forms, meanings and functions)
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Epistemic questions in Korean and Japanese2018

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Organizer
      Seoul Linguistics Forum--Modality in Discourse
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Modals in Japanese2018

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Organizer
      Colloquium at Seoul Linguistics Forum
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Modal questions in Korean and Japanese2018

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則、山田真寛
    • Organizer
      Colloquium talk at Center for Linguistic Research, College of Humanities, Seoul National University
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] トコロの多義性を通じて見た 言語、認知、論理2018

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Organizer
      156回日本言語学会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 従属節における係りの深さと受けの広さの相関について2018

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Organizer
      関西言語学会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Scope and Negation - reconsiderion on Kuno's hypothesis2018

    • Author(s)
      今仁生美
    • Organizer
      東海意味論研究会シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 人は否定をどう計算するか2017

    • Author(s)
      今仁生美
    • Organizer
      意味と理解
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 「認知と形式の接点:トコロデ構文の統語論、意味論、語用論から」2017

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Organizer
      Morphology and Lexicon Forum (甲南大学)
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Modal Questions and Point-of-View Shift in Korean and Japanese2017

    • Author(s)
      田窪行則
    • Organizer
      Formal Approaches to Subjectivity and Point-of-View. 第155回言語学会シンポジウム (立命館大学)
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Book] 南琉球宮古語 池間方言辞典2022

    • Author(s)
      仲間博之・田窪行則・ 岩崎勝一・五十嵐陽介・中川奈津子
    • Total Pages
      460
    • Publisher
      国立国語研究所
    • ISBN
      9784910257129
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 形態論と語形成(The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language)2021

    • Author(s)
      今仁生美・伊藤たかね・由本陽子・澤田治・川原功司(邦訳)
    • Total Pages
      384
    • Publisher
      開拓社
    • ISBN
      9784758913706
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Handbook of Japanese Semantics and Pragmatics2020

    • Author(s)
      IMANI, Ikumi, Yukinori Takubo et al.
    • Total Pages
      40
    • Publisher
      De Gruyter Mouton
    • ISBN
      9781614512073
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Book] AI事典(第3版)2019

    • Author(s)
      中島秀之、浅田稔、今仁生美(他100余名)
    • Publisher
      近代科学社
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 場面と主体性・主観性2019

    • Author(s)
      澤田治美、仁田義雄、山梨正明、今仁生美(他27名)
    • Publisher
      ひつじ書房
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 極性表現の構造・意味・機能2019

    • Author(s)
      澤田治、岸田秀樹、今仁生美(他11名)
    • Publisher
      開拓社
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report

URL: 

Published: 2017-04-28   Modified: 2023-01-30  

Information User Guide FAQ News Terms of Use Attribution of KAKENHI

Powered by NII kakenhi