A meta-analysis of components of L2 speaking and writing

• Project/Area Number: 17K03023
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Foreign language education
• Research Institution: Chuo University
• Principal Investigator: Innami Yo 中央大学, 理工学部, 教授 (80508747)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
• Keywords: 第二言語 / 産出 / 構成 / メタ分析 / 産出能力 / 構成要素 / 先行研究 / 統合 / ライティング / スピーキング

Outline of Final Research Achievements

A meta-analysis of 39 studies (284 correlations) suggests that internal features are strongly correlated to L2 speaking in general (r = .649) and that the strength of the correlations varies according to oral features (e.g., between comprehensibility and speaking, r = .896; between lexical complexity and speaking, r .110). The results highlight the relative importance of various internal features in L2 speaking and suggest areas in need of further research.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

第二言語能力は複数の構成要素からなることが分かっている。ただし、これらの構成要素が具体的に何であるかは研究間で不一致であった。本研究では英語スピーキング力に焦点を当て、スピーキングと各構成要素の関係の強さを調べた。その結果、理解度がスピーキング力と最も関係が強いことが分かった。このように関係の強さを調べることで理論の精緻化につながる。また、関係の強い構成要素を中心に教えることで、限られた学習時間数を最大限に活用しスピーキング力育成につながる。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Comparisons between holistic and analytic rubrics of a paired oral test (2020)
  • Author(s): Koizumi, R., In’nami, Y., & Fukazawa, M.
  • Journal Title: JLTA (Japan Language Testing Association) Journal Volume: 23 Pages: 57-77
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Dunning-Kruger effect in second language speech learning: How does self perception align with other perception over time? (2020)
  • Author(s): Saito, K., Trofimovich, P., Abe, M., & In'nami, Y.
  • Journal Title: Learning and Individual Differences Volume: 79 Pages: 101849-101849
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101849
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Structural equating modeling of vocabulary size and depth using conventional and Bayesian methods (2020)
  • Author(s): Koizumi, R., & In’nami, Y.
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Psychology: Language Sciences: Frontiers in Language Assessment and Testing Volume: 11:618 Pages: 1-17
  • DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00618
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Motivation, Emotion, Learning Experience, and Second Language Comprehensibility Development in Classroom Settings: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study (2018)
  • Author(s): Saito Kazuya、Dewaele Jean-Marc、Abe Mariko、In'nami Yo
  • Journal Title: Language Learning Volume: 68 Issue: 3 Pages: 709-743
  • DOI: 10.1111/lang.12297
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Does TOEIC as a university exit test ensure higher employability in Taiwan? (2017)
  • Author(s): Pan, Y.-C., & In’nami, Y.
  • Journal Title: International Journal of Language Testing Volume: 7 Pages: 1-27
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Issues of Language Assessment in Japan: Past, Present and Future (2017)
  • Author(s): In’nami, Y., Koizumi, R., Sawaki, Y., & Watanabe, Y.
  • Journal Title: Language Assessment Quarterly Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 189-191
  • DOI: 10.1080/15434303.2017.1357725
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Using EIKEN, TOEFL, and TOEIC to award EFL course credits in Japanese universities (2017)
  • Author(s): In’nami, Y., & Koizumi, R.
  • Journal Title: Language Assessment Quarterly Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 274-293
  • DOI: 10.1080/15434303.2016.1262375
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] A meta-analysis of L2 speaking proficiency and its features (2019)
  • Author(s): In’nami, Y.
  • Organizer: Assessing World Languages Conference 2019, Macau, China
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Factor structure of the Aptis test (2019)
  • Author(s): In’nami, Y., & Koizumi, R.
  • Organizer: New Directions in English Language Assessment organized by the British Council in East Asia, Yokohama, Japan
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Development and evaluation of spoken interaction tasks and a rating scale based on CEFR-J using multifaceted Rasch measurement: A pilot study (2018)
  • Author(s): Koizumi, R., Kaneko, E., In’nami, Y., & Naganuma, N.
  • Organizer: Symposium conducted at the Pacific-Rim Objective Measurement Symposium (PROMS) 2018, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (invited)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Validation research using multifaceted Rasch measurement in second language testing (2018)
  • Author(s): In'nami, Y.
  • Organizer: Symposium conducted at the Pacific-Rim Objective Measurement Symposium (PROMS) 2018, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (invited)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Holistic and analytic scales of a paired oral test for Japanese learners of English (2018)
  • Author(s): Koizumi, R., In’nami, Y., Fukazawa, M.
  • Organizer: Poster presented at 41st annual Language Testing Research Colloquium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] L2 working memory capacity and L2 reading comprehension: A meta-analysis (2017)
  • Author(s): In’nami, Y., Hijikata-Someya, Y., & Koizumi, R.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at the 1st Japan Second Language Acquisition Research Forum (J-SLARF) meeting, Tokyo, Japan
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Vocabulary size and depth, and listening and reading skills (2017)
  • Author(s): Koizumi, R., & In’nami, Y.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at the 21st JLTA Annual Conference, Fukushima, Japan
• [Presentation] 日本人英語学習者の4技能レ ベルのずれの特徴―TOEFL Junior Comprehensiveの場合― (2017)
  • Author(s): 小泉利恵 & 印南洋
  • Organizer: 第43回全国英語教育学会
• [Presentation] Examining the construct of paired oral tasks through analysis of elicited speech functions (2017)
  • Author(s): Koizumi, R., In’nami, Y., & Fukazawa, M.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at the 4th Annual International Conference of the Asian Association for Language Assessment, Taipei, Taiwan
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] L2 speaking proficiency and its features: A meta-analysis (2017)
  • Author(s): Jeon, E. H., In’nami, Y., & Koizumi, R.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at a colloquium at the 11th International Symposium on Bilingualism 2017 Conference, Limerick, Ireland
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Book] Meta-analysis in applied linguistics. In J. McKinley & H. Rose (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of research methods in applied linguistics (pp. 240-252) (2020)
  • Author(s): In’nami, Y., Koizumi, R., & Tomita, Y.
  • Total Pages: 530
  • Publisher: New York: Routledge
  • ISBN: 9781138501140
• [Book] 教材・テスト作成のためのCEFR-Jリソースブック (2020)
  • Author(s): 投野由紀夫、根岸雅編著
  • Total Pages: 264
  • Publisher: 大修館書店
  • ISBN: 9784469246353
• [Book] 英語スピーキング力はどう伸びるのか：高校3年間のテスト調査結果 (2019)
  • Author(s): 金谷憲監修
  • Total Pages: 159
  • Publisher: 大修館書店
  • ISBN: 4757433808
• [Book] Using multilevel modeling to examine changes in second language test scores over time. In In V. Aryadoust & M. Raquel (Eds.), Quantitative data analysis for language assessment volume II: Advanced methods (pp. XXX-XXX). (2019)
  • Author(s): Barkaoui, K., & In’nami, Y.
  • Publisher: New York: Routledge.
  • ISBN: 9781138733145
• [Book] Examining sources of variability in second language test scores with multilevel modeling. In In V. Aryadoust & M. Raquel (Eds.), Quantitative data analysis for language assessment volume II: Advanced methods (pp. XXX-XXX). (2019)
  • Author(s): In’nami, Y., & Barkaoui, K.
  • Publisher: New York: Routledge.
  • ISBN: 9781138733145
• [Book] 大修館書店 (2017)
  • Author(s): 小泉利恵、印南洋、深澤真 (著, 編集)
  • Total Pages: 161
  • Publisher: 英語テスト作成ガイド
  • ISBN: 4469246107