| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Kale Kub is situated 140km to the northwest of Birjand in eastern Iran. Several trenches were opened and the trenches yieleded a number of non-local Urukian pottery such as beveled rim bowls.
The oldest civilization in the world arose in southern Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BCE (Uruk period). Southern Mesopotamia is a huge alluvial plain and lacks important resources such as metals, woods, and precious stones.Therefore, Urukian city states needed to acquire these resources from neighbouring regions. It is assumed that Urukian culture spread beyond the southern Mesopotamia because the city state in southern Mesopotamia competitively advanced to neighbouring regions in order to get the resources.
Currently Kale Kub is the north easternmost Urukian sites. The distribution range of the Urukian culture was expaned further 600km to the east than previously known by the discovery of Kale Kub.
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