| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The concepts of "cause" in French law and "causa" in Italian law are related to the enforceability of contract, but they were recently modified or abandoned through the contract law reform or the transition of case law.Those functions of "cause" and "causa" have been replaced by other schemes, such as forms of contracts.The modern contract law are based on the principle of freedom of contract and consensualism, and thus forms of contracts are characterized as pragmatic accessories that are imposed from outside of agreements in order to achieve some goals.
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