An economic theory of grandparents and the application to policy evaluation

• Project/Area Number: 17K03784
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Public finance/Public economy
• Research Institution: Doshisha University
• Principal Investigator: MIYAZAWA Kazutoshi 同志社大学, 経済学部, 教授 (00329749)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 四谷 晃一 同志社大学, 経済学部, 准教授 (10351280) ; 北浦 康嗣 法政大学, 社会学部, 准教授 (90565300)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2020-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
• Keywords: 年金 / 公教育 / 高齢者 / 出生率 / 出生 / 教育 / 家族 / 人口高齢化 / 家族内移転

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Population aging increases time endowment of elderly people, which has a positive impact on economy as a whole by increasing participation in labor market as well as household production. Moreover, accumulated family asset changes the behavior of another family members. Using these ideas, we clarify the relationship between public pensions and fertility in developed countries, and the relationship between conditionality in cash transfers (a subsidy rate for education) and child labor in developing countries.
Our findings are: (1) Public pensions increase grandparenting (care for grandchildren), which increases fertility, and (2) the conditionality that is politically supported is positively related to wealth inequality in the economy.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

少子高齢社会において，年金や公教育，児童手当等の政策効果が期待されている．他方，国債残高の累積にみられるように，財政の持続可能性に対する懸念も増している．限られた財源の中でおこなわれる政策であるからこそ，政策の実効性の検証が強く求められる．
本研究は，従来看過されてきた高齢者の経済的役割に焦点を当てることにより，公共経済学，人口経済学，家族の経済学の研究フロンティアを拡大させるという学術的意義を持っている．また，理論分析をベースにしつつ，政策効果の定量的検証もおこなっており，現在の国民のニーズにかなっているという意味で社会的な意義を持っている．

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Capital Market Integration and Fiscal Sustainability (2019)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa Kazutoshi, Ogawa Hikaru, Tamai Toshiki
  • Journal Title: European Economic Review Volume: 120 Pages: 1-29
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.103305
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Wealth inequality and conditionality in cash transfers: A politico-economic approach (2019)
  • Author(s): Kitaura K, Miyazawa K
  • Journal Title: ICES Working Paper (Hosei University) Volume: 215 Pages: 1-36
• [Journal Article] 公的医療と国債－動学的政治経済理論の視点から (2019)
  • Author(s): 宮澤和俊
  • Journal Title: 経済学論叢（同志社大学） Volume: 70 Pages: 233-258
• [Journal Article] Tax competition and fiscal sustainability (2018)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa K, Ogawa H, Tamai T
  • Journal Title: CIRJE Discussion Paper F series Volume: CIRJE-F-1103 Pages: 1-27
• [Journal Article] Beyond the Scope of Politicians: A Growth Effect on Intergenerational Redistribution Policies in a Probabilistic Voting Model (2017)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa, Kazutoshi
  • Journal Title: Center for the Study of the Creative Economy Discussion Paper Series Volume: 2017-03 Pages: 1-16
• [Presentation] Elderly empowerment, fertility, and public pensions (2019)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa K
  • Organizer: Association for Public Economic Theory
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Tax competition and fiscal sustainability (2019)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa K
  • Organizer: International Institute of Public Finance
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Beyond the scope of politicians: A growth effect of intergenerational redistribution policies in a probabilistic voting model (2018)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa K
  • Organizer: International Institute of Public Finance
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Beyond the Scope of Politicians: A Growth Effect on Intergenerational Redistribution Policies in a Probabilistic Voting Model (2018)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa, Kazutoshi
  • Organizer: Western Economic Association International
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Debt Management Reverses the Trend of Fertility Decline (2017)
  • Author(s): Miyazawa, Kazutoshi
  • Organizer: Association for Public Economic Theory
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Beyond the Scope of Politicians: A Growth Effect on Intergenerational Redistribution Policies in a Probabilistic Voting Model (2017)
  • Author(s): 宮澤和俊
  • Organizer: 日本応用経済学会
• [Book] 財政学 (2019)
  • Author(s): 宮澤和俊，焼田党
  • Total Pages: 264
  • Publisher: 新世社
  • ISBN: 9784883842971
• [Remarks] Nagoya Macroeconomics Workshop
  • URL: https://sites.google.com/site/nagoyamacroeconomicsworkshop/home
• [Remarks] Doshisha Economics Workshop
  • URL: https://sites.google.com/site/doshishaew/
• [Remarks] Nagoya Macroeconomics Workshop
  • URL: https://sites.google.com/site/nagoyamacroeconomicsworkshop/
• [Remarks] Nagoya Macroeconomics Workshop
  • URL: https://sites.google.com/site/nagoyamacroeconomicsworkshop
• [Remarks] Center for the Study of the Creative Economy
  • URL: http://csce.doshisha.ac.jp/