How does a single neural network generate multiple patterns of motions?

• Project/Area Number: 17K07042
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Neurophysiology / General neuroscience
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: Kohsaka Hiroshi 東京大学, 大学院新領域創成科学研究科, 講師 (20431900)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2020-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
• Keywords: 運動回路 / 神経回路 / コネクトミクス / 運動制御 / ショウジョウバエ / 遺伝学 / オプトジェネティクス / 介在神経細胞 / 軸性伝播

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Animals are able to move in multiple locomotion patterns. In this study, we examined mechanisms how a single neural circuit generates multiple motion patterns by using the motor systems of Drosophila larvae as a model. We identified two novel interneurons: Ifb-Fwd (which is activated in forward but not backward crawling) and Ifb-Bwd (which is activated in backward but not forward crawling). These findings suggest that distinct circuit modules for distinct motor patterns are implemented in the central nervous system.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

動物は、多様な運動パターンで動くことができます。例えば、ヒトは前歩きと後ろ歩きができます。しかし、ヒトには一つの中枢神経系しかありません。一つの神経回路がどのようにして異なる運動パターンを生み出すのか、その仕組みは不明でした。本研究では、ショウジョウバエを実験モデルとして用いて、運動に関わる神経回路を詳しく調べました。その結果、異なる運動を生み出すために、それぞれの運動専用の神経細胞があることを発見しました。このことから、神経回路の中には、異なる運動パターンを生み出すためにそれぞれの専用回路が組み込まれていることが明らかになりました。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] HHMI Janelia Research Campus/Columbia University/University of Washington(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of St. Andrews/University of Cambridge(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Janelia research campus/University of Washington(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of St. Andrews/University of Cambridge(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] HHMI Janelia research campus(米国)
• [Journal Article] Regulation of forward and backward locomotion through intersegmental feedback circuits in Drosophila larvae (2019)
  • Author(s): Kohsaka Hiroshi、Zwart Maarten F.、Fushiki Akira、Fetter Richard D.、Truman James W.、Cardona Albert、Nose Akinao
  • Journal Title: Nature Communications Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-11
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10695-y
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] System level analysis of motor-related neural activities in larval Drosophila (2019)
  • Author(s): Yoon Youngteak、Park Jeonghyuk、Taniguchi Atsushi、Kohsaka Hiroshi、Nakae Ken、Nonaka Shigenori、Ishii Shin、Nose Akinao
  • Journal Title: Journal of Neurogenetics Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Pages: 179-189
  • DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2019.1605365
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Data-driven analysis of motor activity implicates 5-HT2A neurons in backward locomotion of larval Drosophila (2018)
  • Author(s): Park Jeonghyuk、Kondo Shu、Tanimoto Hiromu、Kohsaka Hiroshi、Nose Akinao
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-15
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28680-8
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] ショウジョウバエ幼虫を動かす神経回路機構 (2018)
  • Author(s): 高坂洋史
  • Journal Title: 比較生理生化学 Volume: 35(2) Pages: 93-99
  • NAID: 130007435530
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Data-driven analysis of motor activity implicated 5-ht2a neurons in backward locomotion of larval Drosophila. (2018)
  • Author(s): Park, J., Kondo, S., Tanimoto, H., Kohsaka, H., Nose, A.
  • Journal Title: bioRxiv Volume: 257568
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] Divergent Connectivity of Homologous Command-like Neurons Mediates Segment-Specific Touch Responses in Drosophila (2017)
  • Author(s): Takagi Suguru、Cocanougher Benjamin Thomas、Niki Sawako、Miyamoto Dohjin、Kohsaka Hiroshi、Kazama Hokto、Fetter Richard Doty、Truman James William、Zlatic Marta、Cardona Albert、Nose Akinao
  • Journal Title: Neuron Volume: 96 Issue: 6 Pages: 1373-1387.e6
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.030
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A neuromechanical model for forward locomotion of Drosophila larvae. (2019)
  • Author(s): Sun X., Nose A. and Kohsaka H.
  • Organizer: 東大-浙江大合同シンポジウム
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Regulation of forward and backward locomotion through intersegmental feedback circuits in Drosophila larvae. (2019)
  • Author(s): Kohsaka H., Zwart M.F., Fushiki A., Fetter R.D., Truman J.W., Cardona A. and Nose A.
  • Organizer: The 26th European Drosophila research conference EDRC 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Dynamic modules underlying multiple motor patterns in Drosophila CNS revealed by populational synapse imaging. (2019)
  • Author(s): Fukumasu K., Nose A. and Kohsaka H.
  • Organizer: 第42 回日本神経科学大会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Neural activities related to axial locomotion in the terminal segments of Drosophila larval CNS (2019)
  • Author(s): Y. Liu, A. Nose and H. Kohsaka
  • Organizer: 2019 ASIA-PACIFIC DROSOPHILA NEUROBIOLOGY CONFERENCE
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Analysis of populational synapse activity in Drosophila nervous system revealed dynamic modules underlying multiple behaviors (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Fukumasu, A. Nose and H. Kohsaka
  • Organizer: SNSS2019
• [Presentation] A modular structure in premotor circuits for bidirectional axial locomotion (2018)
  • Author(s): H. Kohsaka, M.F. Zwart, A. Fushiki, R.D. Fetter, J.W. Truman, A. Cardona, and A. Nose
  • Organizer: Behavioral neurogenetics of Drosophila larva
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Motor circuits in Drosophila larvae (2018)
  • Author(s): H. Kohsaka
  • Organizer: Developmental Neurobiology Course 2018
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Analysis of spontaneous neural activity patterns in the fly embryos (2018)
  • Author(s): H. Kohsaka, R.K. Chhetri, W.C. Lemon, P.J. Keller and A. Nose
  • Organizer: The Joint Research Area Meeting Scientific Research on Innovative Areas. “Artificial Intelligence and Brain Science ”and“ Adaptive Circuit Shift ”
• [Presentation] Analysis of neural network by machine learning aided Gal4 line screening and neural activity visualization in the terminal segments of Drosophila larval CNS (2018)
  • Author(s): Y. Liu, A. Nose and H. Kohsaka
  • Organizer: 第41 回日本分子生物学会年会
• [Presentation] 運動神経回路発達における神経活動遷移のCa2+ イメージングによる解析 (2018)
  • Author(s): 戸松一貴、能瀬聡直、高坂洋史
  • Organizer: 第41 回日本分子生物学会年会
• [Presentation] Divergent connectivity of homologous command-like neurons mediates segment-specific touch responses in Drosophila (2017)
  • Author(s): Suguru Takagi, Benjamin T. Cocanougher, Sawako Niki, Dohjin Miyamoto, Hiroshi Kohsaka, Hokto Kazama, Richard D. Fetter, James W. Truman, Marta Zlatic, Albert Cardona, Akinao Nose.
  • Organizer: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratry, USA
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Ca imaging and electrophysiological recording from Drosophila larvae (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohsaka, H.
  • Organizer: Developmental Neurobiology Course 2017
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Divergent connectivity of command-like neurons mediates segment-specific touch responses in Drosophila larvae (2017)
  • Author(s): 高木優, Benjamin Cocanougher, 二木佐和子, 宮本道人, 高坂洋史, 風間北斗, Richard Fetter, James Truman, Marta Zlatic, Albert Cardona, 能瀬聡直
  • Organizer: 第17回東京大学生命科学シンポジウム
• [Presentation] Identication and imaging of interneurons related to the motor control of Drosophila larvae (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohsaka, H., Xiangsunze, Z., Kawasaki, T. and Nose A.
  • Organizer: 新学術領域研究「適応回路シフト」第５回領域班会議
• [Presentation] Bidirectional feedback circuits regulate propagation of motor activity in opposite directions. (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohsaka, H., Zwart, M.F., Fushiki, A., Fetter, R. D., Truman, J. W., Cardona, A. and Nose A.
  • Organizer: 第40回日本神経科学大会
• [Presentation] Identication of interneurons that regulate backward locomotion during light-avoidance behavior in Drosophila larvae. (2017)
  • Author(s): Shoya Ohura, Hiroshi Kohsaka, Akinao Nose
  • Organizer: 第40回日本神経科学大会
• [Presentation] A segment-specific sensorimotor pathway mediates touch-triggered backward escape response in Drosophila larvae (2017)
  • Author(s): Suguru Takagi, Benjamin T. Cocanougher, Sawako Niki, Dohjin Miyamoto, Hiroshi Kohsaka, Hokto Kazama, Richard D. Fetter, James W. Truman, Marta Zlatic, Albert Cardona, Akinao Nose
  • Organizer: 第40回日本神経科学大会
• [Presentation] ショ ウジョウバエ幼虫の光逃避行動において後退運動を制御する介在神経細胞の同定 (2017)
  • Author(s): Shoya Ohura, Hiroshi Kohsaka, Akinao Nose
  • Organizer: 第40回日本分子生物学会年会
• [Presentation] ショウジョウバエ近縁種における幼虫行動特性の比較解析 (2017)
  • Author(s): 松尾悠司、能瀬聡直、高坂洋史
  • Organizer: 第40回日本分子生物学会
• [Remarks] 前に行ったり、後ろに行ったり：１つの神経回路が異なる動きを効率よく生み出すしくみ
  • URL: http://www.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/info/entry/22_entry747/
• [Remarks] 「臨機応変」を配線する：動物の行動選択を担う神経回路メカニズムの解明
  • URL: http://www.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/info/entry/22_entry618/