| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Females of the brachypterous grasshopper Podisma sapporensis have developed different behaviors in each local population to reduce the cost of mating. The females in Toyotaki population developed the sperm ejection, the ones in Rumoi population developed mating rejection behavior. It has been considered that the sperm ejection evolved in the population of the females with weak mating rejection power. However, the results in this study suggested that the females in the population with strong mating rejection power may also have the potential for sperm ejection. The males have achieved counter adaptation to females in their own population were suggested. The males in Toyotaki have increased the amount of sperm transported in response to female sperm ejection, and the ones in Rumoi have developed mating activity to control female mating rejection. It also clarified that mating with the females having stronger rejection behavior than females in their own population was costly for males.
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