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Study on Physical Mechanisms of Typhoon-Associated Tornado Using Phased Array Radar

Research Project

Project/Area Number 17K13007
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Research Field Natural disaster / Disaster prevention science
Research InstitutionJapan, Meteorological Research Institute

Principal Investigator

Adachi Toru  気象庁気象研究所, 台風・災害気象研究部, 主任研究官 (10632391)

Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Keywords台風 / 竜巻 / フェーズドアレイレーダー / 気象学 / 自然災害 / 減災 / 防災
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This research aims at elucidating the physical mechanisms of tornados associated with typhoons using phased array radars (PARs), a next-generation observation system. Through integrated analysis using two PARs and high-resolution observations from a close distance, we succeed in resolving the three-dimensional formation of vortices every 30 seconds. By performing multiple case analyses, we find that extremely intense vertical shear in a typhoon environment makes a favorable condition to form vortices at low altitudes and downdrafts associated with descending precipitation cores in the parent storm result in the generation of a small-scale tornadic vortex near the ground. These findings are a new key to understanding the physical mechanisms of typhoon-associated tornadoes on a minute scale.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

台風に伴う竜巻は発生頻度が高いにもかかわらず、親雲の空間スケールが小さいため、現象の理解と監視・予測が困難であった。本研究はPARを用いることによってこの問題に取り組み、現象の分単位での機構解明を可能とした点に学術的な意義がある。また、竜巻は台風の中心部から数100kmほど離れて発生するため、台風が十分に接近する前の段階から竜巻に対する警戒を高める必要があり、このためには竜巻発生の予兆をより直接的に捉える必要がある。本研究で得られた知見は、PARを用いた渦と降水コアの監視が竜巻発生の直接的な指標として有効な手立てであることを示唆するものであり、未来の防災技術の高度化の上で社会的な意義が高い。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2021 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • 2018 Research-status Report
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (48 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Other

All Journal Article (17 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Peer Reviewed: 10 results,  Open Access: 4 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 1 results) Presentation (29 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 8 results,  Invited: 7 results) Remarks (2 results)

  • [Journal Article] Analysis of the Tornadic Debris Signatures of the Ichihara Tornado in a Typhoon Environment Using Two Operational C-band Dual-Polarization Weather Radars2021

    • Author(s)
      Umehara Akihito、Adachi Toru、Mashiko Wataru、Yamauchi Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      SOLA

      Volume: 17 Issue: 0 Pages: 196-201

    • DOI

      10.2151/sola.2021-034

    • NAID

      130008120713

    • ISSN
      1349-6476
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 「竜巻シンポジウム―藤田哲也博士生誕100年を記念して―」の報告2021

    • Author(s)
      新野 宏、小林文明、栃本英伍、末木健太、足立 透、梅原章仁、田村幸雄、野田 稔、佐々浩司、加藤輝之、加茂直幸、中里真久、益子 渉、伊藤純至、横田 祥、田村哲郎、楠 研一、石津尚喜
    • Journal Title

      天気

      Volume: 68 Pages: 3-12

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites2021

    • Author(s)
      Kuo Cheng-Ling、Williams Earle、Adachi Toru、Ihaddadene Kevin、Celestin Sebastien、Takahashi Yukihiro、Hsu Rue-Ron、Frey Harald U.、Mende Stephen B.、Lee Lou-Chuang
    • Journal Title

      Frontiers in Earth Science

      Volume: 9

    • DOI

      10.3389/feart.2021.687989

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 令和元年台風第19号に伴って発生した市原竜巻の3次元レーダー解析2021

    • Author(s)
      足立透、益子渉
    • Journal Title

      台風研究会「台風災害の実態解明と台風防災・減災に資する方策」

      Volume: 2020K-10 Pages: 15-18

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 最新レーダー技術を用いた台風に伴う竜巻の新しい研究2021

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Journal Title

      日本風工学会誌

      Volume: 46 Pages: 19-28

    • NAID

      130008033213

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 気象災害委員会・第52回メソ気象研究会合同研究会の報告2020

    • Author(s)
      足立透、坪木和久、牛尾知雄、高橋暢宏、川口航平、纐纈丈晴、岩波越、楠研一、松田知也、新野宏、中川勝広
    • Journal Title

      天気

      Volume: 67 Pages: 359-363

    • NAID

      40022291357

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] High Temporal‐Spatial Resolution Observation of Tornadogenesis in a Shallow Supercell Associated With Typhoon Hagibis (2019) Using Phased Array Weather Radar2020

    • Author(s)
      Adachi Toru、Mashiko Wataru
    • Journal Title

      Geophysical Research Letters

      Volume: 47 Issue: 19

    • DOI

      10.1029/2020gl089635

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Estimation of the IC to CG Ratio Using JEM‐GLIMS and Ground‐Based Lightning Network Data2020

    • Author(s)
      Bandholnopparat K.、Sato M.、Adachi T.、Ushio T.、Takahashi Y.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

      Volume: 125 Issue: 23

    • DOI

      10.1029/2019jd032195

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Observational analysis of two waterspouts in northwestern Italy using an OPERA Doppler radar2020

    • Author(s)
      Miglietta Mario Marcello、Arai Ken'ichiro、Kusunoki Kenichi、Inoue Hanako、Adachi Toru、Niino Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Atmospheric Research

      Volume: 234 Pages: 104692-104692

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104692

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] HO Generation Above Sprite‐Producing Thunderstorms Derived from Low‐Noise SMILES Observation Spectra2020

    • Author(s)
      Yamada T.、Sato T. O.、Adachi T.、Winkler H.、Kuribayashi K.、Larsson R.、Yoshida N.、Takahashi Y.、Sato M.、Chen A. B.、Hsu R. R.、Nakano Y.、Fujinawa T.、Nara S.、Uchiyama Y.、Kasai Y.
    • Journal Title

      Geophysical Research Letters

      Volume: 47 Issue: 3

    • DOI

      10.1029/2019gl085529

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Optical properties of intracloud and cloud-to-ground discharges derived from JEM-GLIMS lightning observations2019

    • Author(s)
      Bandholnopparat K.、Sato M.、Adachi T.、Ushio T.、Takahashi Y.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

      Volume: 189 Pages: 87-97

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jastp.2019.04.005

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] フェーズドアレイレーダーを用いた顕著な大気現象の観測2019

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Journal Title

      日本風工学会誌

      Volume: 44 Pages: 371-380

    • NAID

      130007852672

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional radio images of winter lightning in japan and characteristics of associated charge structure2018

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Satoru、Yoshikawa Eiichi、Adachi Toru、Kusunoki Kenichi、Hayashi Syugo、Inoue Hanako
    • Journal Title

      IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering

      Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 175-184

    • DOI

      10.1002/tee.22795

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Spectroscopic Diagnostic of Halos and Elves Detected From Space‐Based Photometers2018

    • Author(s)
      Perez‐Invernon F. J.、Luque A.、Gordillo‐V?zquez F. J.、Sato M.、Ushio T.、Adachi T.、Chen A. B.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

      Volume: 123 Issue: 22

    • DOI

      10.1029/2018jd029053

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] State-of-the-Art Radar Technology for Weather Disaster Prediction2017

    • Author(s)
      足立 透
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Japan Society for Safety Enginennring

      Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Pages: 475-481

    • DOI

      10.18943/safety.56.6_475

    • NAID

      130006250217

    • ISSN
      0570-4480, 2424-0656
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Identification of sprites in JEM-GLIMS nadir observations and their spatial distributions2017

    • Author(s)
      Sato, M., T. Adachi, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, M. Kikuchi, H. Kikuchi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi, R. Ishida, Y. Sakamoto, K. Yoshida, and Y. Hobara
    • Journal Title

      Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 4 Pages: 545-561

    • DOI

      10.3319/tao.2016.09.21.02

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] シンポジウム「フェーズドアレイレーダー」の報告 -現在の利活用状況から将来展望まで-2017

    • Author(s)
      楠 研一・足立 透・諸富和臣・佐藤晋介・菊池博史・吉田 翔・清水慎吾・小池佳奈・牛尾知雄・水谷文彦・高橋暢宏
    • Journal Title

      天気

      Volume: 64 Pages: 901-905

    • NAID

      40021439375

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Presentation] Automatic Detection of Ichihara Tornado Associated with Typhoon Hagibis (2019) Using Phased Array Weather Radar and Convolutional Neural Network2022

    • Author(s)
      Adachi Toru、Ishitsu Naoki、Kusunoki Kenichi、Inoue Hanako、Arai Ken-ichiro、Fujiwara Chusei、Suzuki Hiroto
    • Organizer
      American Meteorological Society 102nd Annual Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] PAWRおよびCNNを用いた市原竜巻の3次元渦探知実験2021

    • Author(s)
      足立 透、石津尚喜、楠研一、猪上華子、新井健一郎、藤原忠誠、鈴木博人
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2021年度春季大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Fine-Scale Observation of TC Tornado Using Phased Array Weather Radar in Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      Adachi Toru、Mashiko Wataru、Umehara Akihito
    • Organizer
      Virtual Workshop on Atmospheric Science Applications of Ground-Based Phased Array Radars
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Observations of Boundary Layer Streaks Associated with Typhoon Faxai (2019) Using Phased Array Weather Radar2021

    • Author(s)
      Adachi Toru、Mashiko Wataru
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union 2021 Fall Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] PAWRで観測された令和元年房総半島台風に伴う境界層ストリーク2021

    • Author(s)
      足立 透、益子渉
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2021年度秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイ気象レーダーによる市原竜巻の詳細解析2021

    • Author(s)
      足立透、益子渉
    • Organizer
      研究集会「日本版改良藤田スケールにおけるDI、DOD と被害風速の評価」
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイレーダーを用いた竜巻研究2021

    • Author(s)
      足立 透, 益子 渉, 梅原章仁
    • Organizer
      竜巻シンポジウム-藤田哲也博士生誕100年を記念して-
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイ気象レーダーで観測された 2019年10月12日市原竜巻の発生メカニズムについて2020

    • Author(s)
      足立透、益子渉
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2020年度春季大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 令和元年台風第19号に伴って発生した市原竜巻の3次元レーダー観測2020

    • Author(s)
      足立透、益子渉、梅原章仁
    • Organizer
      台風研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 2019年10月12日市原竜巻の3次元渦形成過程について2020

    • Author(s)
      足立透、梅原章仁、益子渉
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2020年度秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイレーダーを用いた研究の最前線2020

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      気象キャスターネットワークオンライン勉強会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Multi-Radar Observation of Tornadogenesis in a Shallow Supercell of Typhoon Hagibis (2019)2020

    • Author(s)
      Adachi, T., A. Umehara, and W. Mashiko
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Volumetric Detection of Tornadic Vortices Associated with Typhoon Nanmadol (2017) Using PAWR and Deep Learning2019

    • Author(s)
      Adachi, T., N. Ishitsu, K. Kusunoki, H. Inoue, K. Arai, C. Fujiwara, H. Suzuki
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] PAWRおよびCNNによる突風被害をもたらした渦の立体解析2019

    • Author(s)
      足立透、石津尚喜、楠研一、猪上華子、新井健一郎、藤原忠誠、鈴木博人
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2019年度春季大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Analysis of Tornado-like Vortices Using Phased Array Weather Radar and Deep Learning2019

    • Author(s)
      Adachi, T., N. Ishitsu, K. Kusunoki, H. Inoue, K. Arai, C. Fujiwara, H. Suzuki
    • Organizer
      AOGS 2019 Meeting
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 気象研究所フェーズドアレイレーダーを用いた 最新の研究成果とその応用2019

    • Author(s)
      足立透、楠研一
    • Organizer
      気象災害委員会・メソ気象研究会合同研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] PAWR・水蒸気観測を用いた首都圏における積乱雲の盛衰の解析 -2018年8月27日の事例-2019

    • Author(s)
      足立透、小司禎教、酒井哲
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2019年度秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイレーダーが拓く未来の航空気象2019

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      第13回航空気象研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] TC1703に伴って突風被害をもたらした積乱雲のデュアルPAWR解析2018

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2018年度春季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 複数のフェーズドアレイ気象レーダーを用いた革新的な極端気象センシング技術2018

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイレーダで観測した竜巻等突風2018

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      ポスト「京」重点課題4「観測ビッグデータを活用した気象と地球環境の予測の高度化」第2回竜巻研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 茨城県行方市に突風被害をもたらした対流系の高速3次元観測2018

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2018年度秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Dual Phased Array Radar Analysis of Tornadic Storm Associated with Typhoon Nanmadol (2017)2018

    • Author(s)
      Toru Adachi
    • Organizer
      16th Annual Meeting Asia Oceania Geosciences Society
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイレーダーが拓く顕著気象の新しい理解と予測2018

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      「第2回 降水と噴火」研究集会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Three-Dimensional Structure of Typhoon Mindulle (2016) and Near-Surface Streaks Observed By Phased Array Radar2017

    • Author(s)
      Adachi, T., K.Kusunoki, U. Shimada, J. Ito
    • Organizer
      38th Conference on Radar Meteorology
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Three-dimensional structure of Typhoon Mindulle (2016) observed by phased array radar2017

    • Author(s)
      Adachi, T., K. Kusunoki, S. Yoshida, U. Shimada
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイレーダーを用いた台風に伴う境界層ストリークの3次元解析2017

    • Author(s)
      足立透、伊藤純至、楠研一
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2017年度秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] フェーズドアレイレーダーで観測された台風第1609号に伴う境界層の気流構造2017

    • Author(s)
      足立透、楠研一、吉田智、伊藤純至
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2017年度春季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 気象研究所におけるX バンドフェーズドアレイレーダーを用いた研究 -大気現象の新しい理解-2017

    • Author(s)
      足立透
    • Organizer
      フェーズドアレイレーダー第2回シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Remarks] 報道発表:令和元年東日本台風に伴う竜巻の発生メカニズムの解明について

    • URL

      https://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Topics/R02/020929/press_020929.html

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Remarks] お知らせ:米国地球物理学連合GRL誌に掲載された論文のハイライト論文選出について

    • URL

      https://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Topics/R02/021027/021027_adachi_jyusyou.html

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report

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Published: 2017-04-28   Modified: 2023-01-30  

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