Effects of fatty acids on energy metabolism and biological rhythm

• Project/Area Number: 17K13234
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Research Field: Applied health science
• Research Institution: Josai University (2019); Tokyo Seiei College (2017-2018)
• Principal Investigator: Yajima Katsuhiko 城西大学, 薬学部, 助教 (70632264)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2020-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
• Keywords: 脂肪酸 / エネルギー代謝 / 脂質酸化量 / 生体リズム / 飽和脂肪酸 / 不飽和脂肪酸 / 時計遺伝子

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Present study was to examine acute effects of monounsaturated and saturated dietary fats on diurnal variation in energy metabolism and biological rhythm in human. Ten young male subjects consumed the high saturated fatty acid meal (high palmitic acid) or high unsaturated fatty acid meal (high oleic acid). Compared with meal rich in unsaturated fatty acid, consumption of high saturated fatty acid meal induced the followings; 1) Fat oxidation was significantly decreased over 24 hours, 2) Slow wave sleep was significantly decreased in first half of sleep, 3) Acrophase of core body temperature was delayed in the evening.
It raised the possibility that the ingestion of different fatty acids may affect all of these parameters of biological rhythm. High intake of saturated fatty acids may be a risk factor of obesity through circadian derangement and inhibit fat oxidation. The present study will progress to examining the effects of consuming meals with other fatty acid compositions.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、異なる脂肪酸組成の食事を摂取した被験者のエネルギー代謝、および睡眠を含む生体リズムを24時間に亘って同時に評価した初めての研究である。加えて、血清遊離脂肪酸の組成や血球時計遺伝子発現を評価することで作用機序の言及も行うことができている。食の欧米化によって国民の脂質摂取割合が飽和脂肪酸に偏りつつある現代社会において、飽和脂肪酸の過剰摂取による不利益効果を栄養生理学の観点から明確化した貴重な知見である。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Meal rich in rapeseed oil increases 24-h fat oxidation more than meal rich in palm oil (2018)
  • Author(s): Katsuhiko Yajima
  • Journal Title: PLOS ONE Volume: 13
  • NAID: 120007134017
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] ：Short-term dietary fatty acid intervention alters the diurnal fluctuation both metabolism and biological rhythm in human (2019)
  • Author(s): 矢島克彦
  • Organizer: 14th International congress of physiological anthropology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Deference in dietary fatty acid composition changes energy metabolism, biological rhythm and sleep. (2018)
  • Author(s): Katsuhiko Yajima
  • Organizer: The 13th Congress Of The International Society For The Study Of Fatty Acids And Lipids
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 高不飽和脂肪酸食は高飽和脂肪酸食よりも脂肪燃焼量を増大させる-ヒューマン・カロリメータを用いた24時間測定による検討- (2018)
  • Author(s): 矢島克彦
  • Organizer: 第27回日本脂質栄養学会
• [Presentation] 飽和、または一価不飽和脂肪酸の摂取がエネルギー代謝の変化と生体リズムに与える影響 (2017)
  • Author(s): 矢島克彦
  • Organizer: 第７１回日本栄養・食糧学会
• [Presentation] Effects of meal rich in monounsaturated or saturated fatty acid on energy metabolism and biological rhythm (2017)
  • Author(s): 矢島克彦
  • Organizer: Recent Advances and Controversies in Measurement of Energy Metabolism 4th international conference
  • Int'l Joint Research