Research on Ethical Issues Associated with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research

• Project/Area Number: 17K13843
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Research Field: Sociology
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: Sawai Tsutomu 京都大学, 高等研究院, 特定助教 (50769817)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
• Keywords: iPS細胞 / 生命倫理 / 人-動物キメラ / 人工配偶子 / オルガノイド / ゲノム編集 / 人ー動物キメラ胚 / ELSI / 幹細胞 / 人－動物キメラ胚 / 生命倫理学 / ミトコンドリア置換 / キメラ / 配偶子

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study examined the ethical issues associated with human induced pluripotent stem cell research. Specifically, it comprehensively explored ethical issues related to the production of human organs in animals and the in vitro gametogenesis and the production of human three-dimensional tissues (organoids) and genome editing technologies. We have published many papers on these topics in academic journals in Japan and abroad and have also written a book (single-authored) for a general audience.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究では、最先端科学分野で研究開発を行っている科学者から最新の知見も得ながら、ヒトiPS細胞研究に伴い既に提起されている問題だけではなく、今後起こりうる問題についてもいち早く取り組んだ。ヒトiPS細胞研究は今後ますますその進展が期待される分野であるため、将来、深刻な問題を提起しうる事例に対して先回りして対応し、その研究成果を広く国内外に情報発信することは、学術的意義とともに社会的意義が大きいであろう。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] カリフォルニア大学アーバイン校/ノースカロライナ大学チェペルヒル校(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] カールトン大学(カナダ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 香港中文大学/台北医科大学(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] バルセロナ大学(スペイン)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 理化学研究所/神戸大学/埼玉医科大学(日本)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oxford/Carleton University/Salk Institute for Biological Studies(英国)
• [Journal Article] Mapping the Ethical Issues of Brain Organoid Research and Application (2021)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu、Hayashi Yoshiyuki、Niikawa Takuya、Shepherd Joshua、Thomas Elizabeth、Lee Tsung-Ling、Erler Alexandre、Watanabe Momoko、Sakaguchi Hideya
  • Journal Title: AJOB Neuroscience Volume: n/a Issue: 2 Pages: 1-14
  • DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2021.1896603
  • NAID: 120007030228
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] ヒト脳オルガノイドの意識をめぐる哲学・倫理学的考察―予防原則の観点からー (2021)
  • Author(s): 新川拓哉、坂口秀哉、澤井努
  • Journal Title: 21世紀倫理創成研究 Volume: 14 Pages: 61-84
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] The American Public Is Ready to Accept Human-Animal Chimera Research (2020)
  • Author(s): Crane Andrew T.、Shen Francis X.、Brown Jennifer L.、Cormack Warren、Ruiz-Estevez Mercedes、Voth Joseph P.、Sawai Tsutomu、Hatta Taichi、Fujita Misao、Low Walter C.
  • Journal Title: Stem Cell Reports Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Pages: 804-810
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.08.018
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Ethical framework for next-generation genome and epigenome editing. (2020)
  • Author(s): Akatsuka K, Sasaki-Honda M, Sawai T.
  • Journal Title: American Journal of Bioethics Volume: 20(8) Issue: 8 Pages: 32-36
  • DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1782524
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The moral status of human embryo‐like structures: potentiality matters? (2020)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu、Minakawa Tomohiro、Pugh Jonathan、Akatsuka Kyoko、Yamashita Jun K、Fujita Misao
  • Journal Title: EMBO reports Volume: 21 Issue: 8
  • DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050984
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] 人－動物キメラ胚研究をめぐる生命倫理議論と宗教・宗教学の役割 (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井 努
  • Journal Title: 宗教研究 Volume: 93 Pages: 44-45
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] 体外で作製される脳は意識を持つのか――脳オルガノイド研究の倫理 (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井 努
  • Journal Title: 世界思想 Volume: ― Pages: 75-79
• [Journal Article] 培養脳組織の研究は許されるか (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井 努
  • Journal Title: 京都新聞 Volume: ―
• [Journal Article] Japan Significantly Relaxes Its Human-Animal Chimeric Embryo Research Regulations (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu、Hatta Taichi、Fujita Misao
  • Journal Title: Cell Stem Cell Volume: 24 Issue: 4 Pages: 513-514
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.015
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The Ethics of Cerebral Organoid Research: Being Conscious of Consciousness (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu、Sakaguchi Hideya、Thomas Elizabeth、Takahashi Jun、Fujita Misao
  • Journal Title: Stem Cell Reports Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 440-447
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.08.003
  • NAID: 120006734877
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Relaxation of regulations for chimeric embryo research in Japan (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu
  • Journal Title: CiRA Reporter Volume: 19
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] 日本で動物性集合胚研究の規制が緩和 (2019)
  • Author(s): 澤井 努
  • Journal Title: CiRAサイラNewsletter Volume: 38 Pages: 14-14
• [Journal Article] 生命科学と倫理・宗教―幹細胞研究を糸口としてー (2019)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Journal Title: 現代宗教2019 Volume: なし Pages: 179-205
  • NAID: 120006764366
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] Japan Significantly Relaxes Its Human-Animal Chimeric Embryo Research Regulations (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawai T, Hatta T, Fujita M
  • Journal Title: Cell Stem Cell Volume: なし
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 猿のクローンを作ることは絶対に認められないのか? (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Journal Title: CiRAニューズレター Volume: 34 Pages: 14-14
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] Monkeying with clones (2018)
  • Author(s): Sawai T
  • Journal Title: CiRA Reporter Volume: 15 Pages: 12-12
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] オルガノイド研究の倫理的問題 (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努、藤田みさお
  • Journal Title: 医学のあゆみ Volume: 264 Pages: 679-684
• [Journal Article] The Japanese Generally Accept Human-Animal Chimeric Embryo Research but Are Concerned About Human Cells Contributing to Brain and Gametes (2017)
  • Author(s): Sawai T, Hatta T, Fujita M.
  • Journal Title: STEM CELLS Translational Medicine Volume: 6 Pages: 1749-1750
  • NAID: 120006734878
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Future of Infertility Medicine (2017)
  • Author(s): Sawai T
  • Journal Title: CiRA Reporter Volume: 10 Pages: 11-11
  • Open Access
• [Presentation] The ethics of human brain organoid research and application (2021)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu
  • Organizer: ASHBi Retreat 2021
• [Presentation] Examining ethics and governance in developmental biology research (2021)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu
  • Organizer: ASHBi Retreat 2021
• [Presentation] Examining ethics and governance in developmental biology (2020)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu
  • Organizer: The 1st Workshop on ASHBi Fusion Research Grant
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 脳オルガノイド研究と倫理 (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井努、新川拓哉、林禅之
  • Organizer: RISTEX「人工主体の創出に伴う倫理的諸問題を分析・討議するプラットフォームの構築に向けた企画調査」第4回全体会議
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 生物医学研究の倫理② (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 大阪医科大学「医療倫理学」（医学部一般教養科目・ゲスト講義）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 生物医学研究の倫理① (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 大阪医科大学「医療倫理学」（医学部一般教養科目・ゲスト講義）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] ヒト脳オルガノイド研究をめぐる倫理的課題 (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 神戸大学先端融合研究環 人文・社会科学融合研究領域「第45回メタ科学技術ワークショップ」
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The ethics of research in early human development (2020)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu、Minakawa Tomohiro、Akatsuka Kyoko、Cantas Alev
  • Organizer: ASHBi Retreat 2020
• [Presentation] The ethics of human epigenome editing (2020)
  • Author(s): Akatsuka Kyoko、Sasaki-Honda Mitsuru, Sawai Tsutomu
  • Organizer: ASHBi Retreat 2020
• [Presentation] Ethics of brain organoid research (2020)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu
  • Organizer: ASHBi Young Researcher Meeting
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 幹細胞研究と生命倫理 (2020)
  • Author(s): 澤井 努
  • Organizer: 高槻中学校・高等学校SSセミナー
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 脳オルガノイドの倫理的課題 (2019)
  • Author(s): 澤井 努
  • Organizer: 東京生命・医療倫理研究会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Japanese perspectives on human Germline genome editing (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu
  • Organizer: International Dialogue on Bioethics and Ethics in Science and Technologies (IDBEST), Brussels
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Ethics and regulations of human-animal chimera research (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu
  • Organizer: Open Round Table on Gene Editing, Brussels
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 体外発生技術の倫理 (2019)
  • Author(s): 澤井 努
  • Organizer: 理化学研究所未来戦略室
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Public survey in Japan on human genome editing for clinical purposes (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawai Tsutomu、Akatsuka Kyoko、Hatta Taich、Fujita Misao
  • Organizer: ISSCR 2019 Conference, Los Angeles
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] ublic attitudes in the United States towards human-animal chimeric embryo research using human induced pluripotent stem cells to generate human organs for transplantation (2019)
  • Author(s): Walter Low、Francis Shen、Jeniffer Brown、Mercedes Ruiz-Estevez、Joseph P. Voth、Sawai Tsutomu、Hatta Taichi、Fujita Misao、Andrew Crane
  • Organizer: ISSCR 2019 Conference, Los Angeles
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Public survey in Japan on human genome editing for research purposes (2019)
  • Author(s): Akatsuka Kyoko、Sawai Tsutomu、Hatta Taich、Fujita Misao
  • Organizer: ISSCR 2019 Conference, Los Angeles
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] iPS細胞研究と倫理 (2019)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: ヒトゲノム・遺伝子解析研究倫理セミナー（新潟大学）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 幹細胞研究の倫理――最近の生命科学の動向から (2019)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: ゲーテ自然科学の集い（3月京都研究会）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 幹細胞研究の倫理を考える (2019)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 「1からわかるiPS細胞」（NHK文化センター京都教室）
• [Presentation] 幹細胞研究と倫理 (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 2018年度キャリア・ガイダンスプログラム（神戸女学院中学部高等学部）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 幹細胞研究の倫理を考える (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 「1からわかるiPS細胞」（NHK文化センター梅田教室）
• [Presentation] ゲノム編集に関する国内外の意識調査の紹介 (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 第3回ヒトゲノム研究倫理を考える会（ゲノム編集をめぐる倫理について考える）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 『ヒトiPS細胞研究と倫理』の概要 (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 京都生命倫理研究会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 盛永先生のコメントへの応答 (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 京都生命倫理研究会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] iPS細胞研究と倫理 (2018)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 「ELSIの再構築」研究会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 動物性集合胚研究に関する「動物のヒト化」の問題 (2017)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 日本生命倫理学会第29回年次大会
• [Presentation] iPS細胞研究に関する倫理的課題 (2017)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 浄土真宗本願寺派総合研究所講演会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] ヒトiPS細胞研究と倫理――人ー動物キメラ研究の場合 (2017)
  • Author(s): 澤井努
  • Organizer: 日本宗教学会第74回学術大会
• [Presentation] Attitudes toward the creation and use of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes: A survey of the general population in Japan (2017)
  • Author(s): Hatta T, Sawai T, Fujita M.
  • Organizer: ISSCR Annual Meeting 2017
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Expectations and concerns regarding the creation and use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes: A survey of the general population in Japan (2017)
  • Author(s): Sawai T, Hatta T, Fujita M
  • Organizer: ISSCR Annual Meeting 2017
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Japanese attitudes toward human-animal chimeric embryo research using human induced pluripotent stem cells: A survey of the general public and researchers (2017)
  • Author(s): Sawai T
  • Organizer: 2017 Uehiro-Carnegie-Oxford Ethics Conference (Ethical Issues Involved in iPS/Stem Cell Research and Therapy)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Book] iPS細胞の歩みと挑戦 (2020)
  • Author(s): 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 国際広報室 、中内 彩香、和田濵 裕之
  • Total Pages: 176
  • Publisher: 東京書籍
  • ISBN: 4487813018
• [Book] Uehiro-Carnegie-Oxford Ethics Conference 2017 ‘Ethics of iPS Cell and Genetic Research and Therapy’ ("Public attitudes in Japan towards human-animal chimeric embryo research using human induced pluripotent stem cells"、 3-39頁に所収; 「ヒトiPS細胞を用いた人－動物キメラ胚研究に対する一般市民の態度」、293-310頁所収) (2019)
  • Author(s): Savulescu J and Jusaku M
  • Total Pages: 492
  • Publisher: The Uehiro Foundation on Ethics and Education
  • ISBN: 9784990896218
• [Book] 科学知と人文知の接点（第2部の1章を執筆「人ー動物キメラ胚研究における脳のヒト化の問題」：第3部の三つの論文の翻訳を担当） (2017)
  • Author(s): 山中 伸弥、京都大学iPS細胞研究所上廣倫理研究部門
  • Total Pages: 368
  • Publisher: 弘文堂
  • ISBN: 9784335750175
• [Remarks] 所属研究機関（本務）HP
  • URL: https://ashbi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/members/tsutomu-sawai/
• [Remarks] 所属研究機関（兼務）HP
  • URL: https://www.cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp/uehiro-ethics/member/sawai/
• [Remarks] 京都大学iPS細胞研究所上廣倫理研究部門
  • URL: https://www.cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp/uehiro-ethics/
• [Remarks] 京都大学iPS細胞研究所上廣倫理研究部門
  • URL: http://www.cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp/uehiro-ethics/