| Budget Amount *help |
¥16,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,760,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥2,730,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥630,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥5,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥4,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,700,000)
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| Research Abstract |
In this research, we conducted quantitative/qualitative analysis into civil examination papers in the pre-modern China and showed several instances that both questions and answers reflected the social, political and philosophical topics at each period. In the case of Ming dynasty provincial and metropolitan civil examination, it increased that discourse questions had been made mainly from Great Collection of Works on Nature and Principle vol. 65-69 since the Jiajing period, and it also intensified that policy questions and answers had been aimed partially to conquer the mentality which followed the form of questions in Yuan dynasty policy essays on the mind and nature.
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