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Development of Photonic Integrated Circuits for Silicon Photonics

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18360033
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Applied optics/Quantum optical engineering
Research InstitutionTokyo Institute of Technology

Principal Investigator

MIZUMOTO Tetsuya  Tokyo Institute of Technology, 大学院・理工学研究科, 教授 (00174045)

Project Period (FY) 2006 – 2008
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2008)
Budget Amount *help
¥16,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,890,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥8,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,800,000)
Keywords光集積回路 / シリコンフォトニクス / シリコン細線導波路 / 導波路型光アイソレータ / 磁気光学ガーネット / ダイレクトボンディング / 表面活性化接合 / シリコン集積回路 / 導波路型光サーキュレータ / 分布反射器 / グレーティング
Research Abstract

シリコン光集積回路を実現するための基礎として、シリコン導波路型光アイソレータと発光デバイスについて研究を実施した。特に、これらの光デバイスを形成するために必要な、磁気光学ガーネットやIII-V族化合物半導体をシリコン導波層上に接合するために、表面活性化接合法を開拓した。さらに、試作したシリコン導波路型光アイソレータにおいてアイソレーション21dBの良好な特性を実現し、発光デバイスを形成するための分布反射器をシリコン導波路上に形成した。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2008 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2007 Annual Research Report
  • 2006 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (63 results)

All 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005

All Journal Article (17 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 7 results) Presentation (46 results)

  • [Journal Article] Magneto-optical isolator with silicon waveguides fabricated by direct bonding2008

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji, T. Mizumoto, H. Yokoi, I-Wei Hsieh, and Richard M. Osgood, Jr.
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters vol.92

      Pages: 71117-71117

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Magneto-optical isolator with silicon waveguides fabricated by direct bonding2008

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji, T. Mizumoto, H. Ybkoi, I-Wei Hsieh, and Richard M. Osgood, Jr.
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters 92

      Pages: 71117-71117

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Wideband operation of Mach-Zehnder interferometric magneto-optical isolator using phase adjustment2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      Optics Express vol.15

      Pages: 13446-13450

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Polarization-independent magnetooptical waveguide isolator using TM-mode nonreciprocal phase shift2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., and T. Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology vol.25, No.10

      Pages: 3108-3113

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Ultrawideband design of waveguide magneto-optical isolator operating in 1.31・m and 1.55・m band2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      Optics Express vol.15

      Pages: 639-645

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Wideband operation of Mach-Zehnder interferometric magneto-optical isolator using phase adjustment2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      Optics Express 15

      Pages: 13446-13450

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] (招待講演)異種結晶接合による光アイソレータとLD集積化2007

    • Author(s)
      水本
    • Journal Title

      レーザー学会学術講演会第27回年次大会

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Wideband design of nonreciprocal phase shift optical isolators using phase adjustment in Mach-Zehnder interferometers2006

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      Applied Optics vol.45, No.27

      Pages: 7144-7150

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Demonstration of interferometric waveguide optical isolator with a unidirectional magnetic field2006

    • Author(s)
      Y.Yazaki, Y.Shoji, T.Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      Technical Digest of the 12th Microoptics Conference (MOC'06), Seoul(Korea)

      Pages: 66-67

    • NAID

      110004719486

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Novel polarization-independent waveguide optical isolator employing nonreciprocal phase shift2006

    • Author(s)
      Y.Shoji, T.Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      Technical Digest of the 12th Microoptics Conference (MOC'06), Seoul(Korea)

      Pages: 82-83

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Wideband operation of magneto-optical isolator with phase adjusted Mach-Zehnder interferometer2006

    • Author(s)
      Y.Shoji, T.Mizumoto
    • Journal Title

      2006 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting, Montreal(Canada)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 一方向磁界印加形干渉光アイソレータの動作検証2006

    • Author(s)
      矢崎, 庄司, 水本
    • Journal Title

      2006年秋季第67回応用物理学会講演会

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 位相調整によるマッハツェンダー干渉型光アイソレータの広帯域化2006

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Journal Title

      2006年秋季第67回応用物理学会講演会

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 半漏れ型光アイソレータの試作・特性評価2006

    • Author(s)
      水本, 斎藤, 武井
    • Journal Title

      2006年秋季第67回応用物理学会講演会

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] SOIグレーティング光導波路の製作2006

    • Author(s)
      武井, 水本
    • Journal Title

      2006年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 半漏れ型光アイソレータの試作2006

    • Author(s)
      水本, 斎藤, 武井
    • Journal Title

      2006年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会

      Pages: 206-206

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 非相反移相型光アイソレータの広帯域化の動作実証2006

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Journal Title

      2006年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサイエティ

      Pages: 207-207

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Optical isolator with SOI waveguide2009

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto and Y. Shoji
    • Organizer
      2009 Optical Fiber Communication Conference(OFC2009)
    • Place of Presentation
      San Diego, California, OWV3(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-25
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (Invieted)Optical isolator with SOI waveguide2009

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, Y. Shoji
    • Organizer
      2009 Optical Fiber Communication Conference(OFC2009)
    • Place of Presentation
      San Diego, USA
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-25
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] シリコン導波路型光サーキュレータの提案2008

    • Author(s)
      武井, 佐々木, 桐田, 吉田, 水本
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会光エレクトロニクス研究会, 電子情報通信学会技術報告書
    • Place of Presentation
      東京(vol.108, OPE2008-136)(1-4)
    • Year and Date
      2008-12-19
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] シリコン導波路型光サーキュレータの提案2008

    • Author(s)
      武井, 佐々木, 桐田, 古田, 水本
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会光エレクトロニクス研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京
    • Year and Date
      2008-12-19
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Optical isolators for integrated photonics2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      Photonics
    • Place of Presentation
      New Delhi(2008, WC2-2)(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2008-12-17
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (Invited)Optical isolators for integrated photonics2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      Photonics 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      New Delhi, India
    • Year and Date
      2008-12-17
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Waveguide optical isolators for integrated optics2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, Y. Shoji, R. Takei, and K. Sakurai
    • Organizer
      Asia Optical Fiber Communications & Optoelectronic Exposition & Conference(AOE 2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      Shanghai, China, SuQ1(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-02
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (Invited)Waveguide optical isolators for integrated optics2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, Y. Shoji, R. Takei, K. Sakurai
    • Organizer
      Asia Optical Fiber Communications & Optoelectronic Exposition & Conference (AOE2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      Shanghai, China
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-02
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Low temperature direct bonding and its application to photonic devices2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, R. Takei, Y. Shoji, and K. Sakurai
    • Organizer
      The 214th Meeting of Electrochemical Society, Fourth International Symposium on Integrated Optoelectronics
    • Place of Presentation
      Honolulu, Hawaii(2042)(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-15
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (Invited)Low temperature direct bonding and its application to photonic devices2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, R. Takei, Y. Shoji, K. Sakurai
    • Organizer
      The 214th Meeting of Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Honolulu, USA
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-15
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Optical isolator for silicon-on-insulator circuits2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto and Y. Shoji
    • Organizer
      European Conference on Optical Communication(ECOC 2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      Brussels, Belgium(Tu.4.C.1)(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-23
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (Invited)Optical isolator for silicon-on-insulator circuits2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, Y. Shoji
    • Organizer
      European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      Brussels, Belgium
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-23
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si導波路光サーキュレータの提案2008

    • Author(s)
      武井, 庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会
    • Place of Presentation
      川崎(C-3-10)
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-16
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si導波路光サーキュレータの提案2008

    • Author(s)
      武井, 庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会
    • Place of Presentation
      明治大学, 川崎市
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-16
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 非相反移相効果を用いたSi細線導波路型光サーキュレータの提案2008

    • Author(s)
      武井, 庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年秋季秋季第68回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋(3-ZN-3)
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-03
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si導波路上への磁性ガーネット直接接合を用いた干渉型光アイソレータ2008

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 横井, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年秋季秋季第68回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋(3a-ZN-2)
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-03
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 非相反移相効果を用いたSi線導波路型光サーキュレータの提案2008

    • Author(s)
      武井, 庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年秋季秋季第68回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      中部大学, 名古屋市
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-03
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] シリコン導波路型光非相反デバイス2008

    • Author(s)
      水本, 庄司, 武井, 横井
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会第9回シリコン・フォトニクス研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      仙台(SiPH2008- 11)(招待講演)
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-19
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (招待講演)シリコン導波路型光非相反デバイス2008

    • Author(s)
      水本, 庄司, 武井, 横井
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会第9回シリコン・フォトニクス研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      東北大学, 仙台市
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-19
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Waveguide optical isolators fabricated by direct bonding2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, Y. Shoji, and R. Takei
    • Organizer
      Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM'08)
    • Place of Presentation
      Versailles, France(WA3.1-Inv)(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-28
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Integrated waveguide optical isolators : principle and history2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto and Y. Shoji
    • Organizer
      the 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics(CLEO 2008), Symposium on Integrated Optical Isolators and Magneto-Optical Phenomena
    • Place of Presentation
      San Jose, California(CThC1)(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-28
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (Invited)Waveguide optical isolators fabricated by direct bonding2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, Y. Shoji, R. Takei
    • Organizer
      Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM'O8)
    • Place of Presentation
      Versailles, France
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-28
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si導波路を用いた干渉型光アイソレータの動作実証2008

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 横井, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年電子情報通信学会総合全国大会
    • Place of Presentation
      北九州(C-3-29)
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-18
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] (Invited)Integrated waveguide optical isolators : principle and history2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, Y. Shoji
    • Organizer
      the 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO 2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      San Jose, USA
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-08
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] シリコン導波路を用いた非相反移相型光アイソレータ2008

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 横井, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年春季第55回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      日本大学、船橋
    • Year and Date
      2008-03-28
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si導波路を用いた干渉型光アイソレータの動作実証2008

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 横井, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年電子情報通信学会総合全国大会
    • Place of Presentation
      北九州市立大学、北九州市
    • Year and Date
      2008-03-18
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Magneto-optical isolator with SOI waveguides2008

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji, H. Yokoi, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      2008 Optical Fiber Communication Conference(OFC2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      San Diego, California(OTuC8)
    • Year and Date
      2008-02-26
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Magneto-optical isolator with SOI waveguides2008

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji, H. Yokoi, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      2008 Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      San Diego, California, USA
    • Year and Date
      2008-02-26
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Room-temperature direct bonding for integrated optical devices2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Takei, K. Abe, and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting, Lake Buena Vista
    • Place of Presentation
      Florida(TuD4)
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-23
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Design of an ultra-wideband magneto-optical isolator operating in 1.31・m and 1.55・m2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Lake Buena Vista, Florida(TuC4)
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-23
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Design of an ultra-wideband magneto-optical isolator operating in 1.31μm and 1.55μm2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      IEEE LEGS Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-23
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Room-temperature direct bonding for integrated optical devices2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Takei, K. Abe and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      IEEE LEGS Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-23
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 非相反移相型光アイソレータの超広帯域設計2007

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2007年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会
    • Place of Presentation
      鳥取(C-3-70)(193)
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-10
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 非相反移相型光アイソレータの超広帯域設計2007

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2007年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会
    • Place of Presentation
      鳥取大学、鳥取
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-10
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 酸素プラズマによる表面処理を用いたInP-Si常温ダイレクトボンディング2007

    • Author(s)
      武井, 水本
    • Organizer
      2007年秋季第68回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      札幌(4-3-25)
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-04
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 1.31-1.55・m帯で動作する超広帯域型光アイソレータの設計2007

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2007年秋季第68回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      札幌(4-3-23)
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-04
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 1.31-1.55μm帯で動作する超広帯域型光アイソレータの設計2007

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2007年秋季第68回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      札幌
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-04
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 酸素プラズマによる表面処理を用いたInP-Si常温ダイレクトボンディング2007

    • Author(s)
      武井, 水本
    • Organizer
      2007年秋季第68回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      北海道工業大学、札幌
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-04
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Wideband operation of magneto-optical isolator with phase adjusted Mach- Zehnder interferometer2006

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      2006 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Montreal, Canada(ThV2)
    • Year and Date
      2006-11-02
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Wafer bonding of magneto-optic garnet and its application to integrated optical devices2006

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      The 210th Meeting of Electrochemical Society, Third International Symposium on Integrated Optoelectronics
    • Place of Presentation
      Cancun, Mexico(1258)(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2006-10-31
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 非相反移相型光アイソレータの広帯域化の動作実証2006

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2006年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会
    • Place of Presentation
      金沢(C-3-85)
    • Year and Date
      2006-09-22
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] SOIグレーティング光導波路の製作2006

    • Author(s)
      武井, 水本
    • Organizer
      2006年電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサィエティ大会
    • Place of Presentation
      金沢(CS-3-11)(S-46)
    • Year and Date
      2006-09-21
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Integration of optical isolators and semiconductor lasers by wafer bonding2006

    • Author(s)
      T. Mizumoto, K. Sakurai, Y. Shoji, and H. Saito
    • Organizer
      Asia Pacific Optical Communications(APOC2006)
    • Place of Presentation
      Gwangju, Korea(6352-90)(Invited)
    • Year and Date
      2006-09-07
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 位相調整によるマッハツェンダー干渉型光アイソレータの広帯域化2006

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 水本
    • Organizer
      2006年秋季第67回応用物理学会講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      滋賀(29a-ZX-4)(1067)
    • Year and Date
      2006-08-29
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Novel design of nonreciprocal phase shift optical isolators for wideband operation2006

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shoji and T. Mizumoto
    • Organizer
      the 11th Optoelectronics and Communications Conference(OECC 2006)
    • Place of Presentation
      Kaoshung, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2006-07-05
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] シリコン導波路を用いた非相反移相型光アイソレータ2005

    • Author(s)
      庄司, 横井, I-Wei Hsieh, Richard M. Osgood, Jr., 水本
    • Organizer
      2008年春季第55回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      船橋(28p-ZG-12)
    • Year and Date
      2005-05-28
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report

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Published: 2006-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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