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Novel electrochemical nanofabrication process for developing precise micro-chemical analytical systems

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18360357
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Material processing/treatments
Research InstitutionWaseda University

Principal Investigator

HOMMA Takayuki  Waseda University, 理工学術院, 教授 (80238823)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 逢坂 哲彌  早稲田大学, 理工学術院, 教授 (20097249)
佐藤 裕崇  早稲田大学, 理工学術院, 助手 (90386607)
Project Period (FY) 2006 – 2008
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2008)
Budget Amount *help
¥13,520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,920,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,200,000)
Keywordsナノ加工 / 電気化学反応 / シリコンプロセス / MEMS / ナノ構造体 / 機能ナノ構造体
Research Abstract

金属析出やエッチングなど種々のナノ加工に適用される電気化学反応系を理論的・実験的手法により詳細に解析すると共に,その特徴を活かした新規なプロセスの開発を試みた.その結果,Si表面へサブμmサイズの微細リアクターアレイを形成できるプロセスを得るとともに,これを基にしたリアクター系の構築を実現した.さらに強磁性ナノドットアレイなど種々のシステムに適用可能な機能ナノ構造体の精密形成プロセスを確立した.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2008 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2007 Annual Research Report
  • 2006 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (65 results)

All 2009 2008 2007 2006 Other

All Journal Article (23 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 8 results) Presentation (35 results) Book (3 results) Remarks (1 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] Electrochemical Fabrication of CoPt Nanodot Arrays on Glass Disks by UV Nanoimprint Lithography2009

    • Author(s)
      T. Ouchi, Y. Arikawa, J. Mizuno, S. Shoji, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      Electrochem. Soc.Trans 16 (45)

      Pages: 57-62

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Electrochemical Evaluation and Finite Element Structural Analysis of Si Wafer Surface under Mechanical Stress2009

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakata, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      Electrochem. Soc.Trans 16 (40)

      Pages: 79-84

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Preparation of Electrodeposited Pt Nano Patterned Electrode using UV-Nano Imprint Lithography2009

    • Author(s)
      M. Saito, J. Mizuno, H. Nishikubo, H. Fujiwara, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      Electrochem. Soc.Trans 16 (25)

      Pages: 131-136

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Raman Microscopy and Scanning Surface Potential Microscopy Analysis of Nanoscale Defects on Si Wafer Surfaces2009

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, M. Kato, N. Kubo, K. Sakata, N. Kubo, M. Yanagisawa
    • Journal Title

      J.Electrochem. Soc. 156

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Effect of Cu Seed Layers on the Properties of Electroplated Sn-Cu Films2009

    • Author(s)
      M. Saito, H. Sasaki, K. Katou, T. Toba, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Electrochem. Soc. 156

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Characterization of the Surface Layer on Strained Si Wafer by Electrochemical Methods2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakata, M. Kato, N. Kubo, T. Senda, K. Izunome, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Phys.Chem.C 112

      Pages: 3785-3788

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Estimation of Redox Potential of Strained Si by Density Functional Theory Calculation2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakata, S. Ishizaki, H. Nakai, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Phys.Chem.C 112

      Pages: 3104-3107

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Fabrication of CoPt Magnetic Nanodot Arrays by Electrodeposition Process2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Ouchi, Y. Arikawa, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Magn.Magn.Mater 320

      Pages: 3104-3107

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Fabrication of CoPt Magnetic Nanodot Arrays by Electrodeposition Process2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Ouchi, Y. Arikawa, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320

      Pages: 3104-3107

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Nanoscopic and Electroohemioal characterization of Defects and strain at Si Wafer Surfaces2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, K. Sakata, N. Kubo
    • Journal Title

      Proo. Adv. Sci. Tech. Si Mat. 5

      Pages: 32-36

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Fabrication of Catalyst-Functionalized Three-Dimensional Micromesh structures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Keino, H. Sato, T. Homma, S. Shoji
    • Journal Title

      Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47

      Pages: 5204-5207

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Electrochemical Evaluation and Finite Element Structural Analysis of Si Wafer Surface Under Mechanical Stress2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakata, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      Electrochem. Soc. Trans. 16

      Pages: 79-86

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Preparation of Electrodeposited Pt Nano Patterned Electrode using UV-Nano Imprinting Lithography2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Saito, J. Mizuno, H. Nishikubo, H. Fujiwara, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      Electroohem. Soc. Trans. 16

      Pages: 131-136

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Characterization Of The Surface Layer On Strained Si Wafer By Electrochemical Methods2008

    • Author(s)
      K.Sakata, M.Kato, N.Kubo, T.Senda, K.Izunome, T.Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Phys.Chem.C 112

      Pages: 3785-3788

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Estimation Of Redox Potential Of Strained Si By Density Functional Theory Calculation2008

    • Author(s)
      K.Sakata, S.Ishizaki, H.Nakai, T.Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Phys.Chem.C 112

      Pages: 3538-3542

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Molecular Orbital Study on the Oxidation Mechanism of Hydrazine and Hydroxylamine as Reducing Agents for Electroless Deposition Process2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Shimada, A. Tamaki, H. Nakai, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      Electrochemistry 75

      Pages: 45-49

    • NAID

      10018285935

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Density Functional Theory Study on the Reaction Mechanism of Reductants for Electroless Ag Deposition Process2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Shimada, H. Nakai, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Electrochem.Soc. 154

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Self-aligned Formation of Nanoholes to Arrayed Micro Glass Tubes2007

    • Author(s)
      H. Sato, T. Yamaguchi, T. Isobe, T. Homma, S. Shoji
    • Journal Title

      Electrochim. Acta 53

      Pages: 200-204

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Self-Aligned Formation Of Nano-Holes To Arrayed Micro Glass Tubes2007

    • Author(s)
      H.Sato, T.Yamaguchi, T.Isobe, T.Homma, S.Shoji
    • Journal Title

      Electrochim.Acta 53

      Pages: 200-204

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Molecular Orbital Study on the Oxidation Mechanism of Hydrazine and Hydroxylamine as Reducing Agents for Electroless Deposition Process2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Shimada, A.Tamaki, H.Nakai, T.Homma
    • Journal Title

      Electrochemistry 75

      Pages: 45-45

    • NAID

      10018285935

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Density Functional Theory Study on the Reaction Mechanism of Reductants for Electroless Ag Deposition Process2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Shimada, H.Nakai, T.Homma
    • Journal Title

      J.Electrochem.Soc. 154(印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Fabrication of High-Aspect-Ratio Arrayed Structures Using Si Electrochemical Etching2006

    • Author(s)
      H. Sato, T. Homma
    • Journal Title

      Sci.Tech. of Adv.Mater 7

      Pages: 468-474

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Fabrication of High-Aspect-Ratio Arrayed Structures Using Si Electrochemical Etching2006

    • Author(s)
      H.Sato, T.Homma
    • Journal Title

      Sci.Tech.of Adv.Mater. 7

      Pages: 468-468

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Electrochemical Nanostructuring Processes for Fabricating Functional Surfaces2009

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma
    • Organizer
      Trends in Nanoscience 2009
    • Place of Presentation
      Irsee Germany
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Eleotroohemical nanostru Gturing processes for fabricating functional surfaces2009

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma
    • Organizer
      Trends in Nanoscience 2009
    • Place of Presentation
      Irsee, Germany
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 無電解めっきの還元剤酸化反応に対するチオ尿素作用機構のエネルギー密度解析による検討2009

    • Author(s)
      三重野顕, 中井浩巳, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      表面技術協会第119回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      甲府
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 非平滑金属表面における次亜リン酸酸化反応機構の密度汎関数法による解析2009

    • Author(s)
      高橋奈々, 中井浩巳, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      表面技術協会第119回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      甲府
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 無電解析出反応に対する鉛添加の影響の密度汎関数法による解析2009

    • Author(s)
      國本雅宏, 中井浩巳, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      表面技術協会第119回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      甲府
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Electrochemical Characterization of Sputtered Silicon Anodized in Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions2009

    • Author(s)
      J. B. Ratchford, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第76回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 走査プローブ顕微鏡を用いたひずみSOIウェハの表面の特性評価2009

    • Author(s)
      内田武夫, 阪田薫穂, M. Bibee, A. Mehta, p. Pianetta, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第76回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si電解エッチングによる微細孔アレイ形成における孔密度制御2009

    • Author(s)
      川名功泰. 鵜澤健太郎, 大内隆成, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第76回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] CoPt磁性ナノドツトアレイ形成におけるパターン微細化の検討2009

    • Author(s)
      久野泰伴, 有川勇輝, 林政平, 大内隆成, 水野潤, 庄子習一, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第76回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] めっきプロセスを用いたナノギヤツプ電極の作製および分子ナノワイヤの特性評価2009

    • Author(s)
      石崎将士, 小林千秋, 阪田薫穂. 齋藤美紀子, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第76回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 歪みゲルマニウム表面におけるハロゲン種の反応に関する第-原理計算解析2009

    • Author(s)
      阪田薫穂, B. Magyari-K&ouml : pe, Y. Nishi, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第76回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] めっき条件制御に伴うラテラル方向への成長形態変化に際する基板表面分子修飾の検討2009

    • Author(s)
      吉田脩平, 小林千秋, 石崎将士, 阪田薫穂, 齋藤美紀子, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第76回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si陽極化成法によるナノ微細孔アレイ形成に及ぼす印加電圧の影響2008

    • Author(s)
      鵜澤 健太郎, 磯部 哲彦, 穐本 譲史, 本間 敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会第75回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      山梨
    • Year and Date
      2008-03-31
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Electrochemical Processes for Fabrication of Functional Microstructures2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma
    • Organizer
      INTERFINISH 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Busan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report 2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Fabrication of Magnetic Nanodot Arrays using Wet Processes2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Honma, T. Ouchi, Y. Arikawa
    • Organizer
      ACEC2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Taipei, Taiwan
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Fabrication of Ferromagnetic Nanodot Arrays by Electrochemical Processes2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Ouchi, Y. Arikawa, J. Mizuno, S. Shoji, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      INTERFINISH2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Busan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Modeling of Electroless Deposition Process--Reaction Mechanism and Additive Effects--2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, M. Kunimoto, A. Mieno, H. Nakai
    • Organizer
      EMNT2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Ein Gedi, Israel
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 無電解析出反応におけるCu表面の触媒活性の理論計算による検討2008

    • Author(s)
      國本雅宏, 中井浩巳, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      表面技術協会第118回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 無電解めっきの還元剤酸化反応に対するチオ尿素作用機構の密度汎関数法による解析2008

    • Author(s)
      三重野顕, 中井浩巳, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      表面技術協会第118回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] めっきプロセスによるナノギヤツプ電極の作製および評価2008

    • Author(s)
      石崎将士, 小林千秋, 阪田薫穂, 齋藤美紀子, 若山裕, 本間敬之
    • Organizer
      表面技術協会第118回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Eleotrochemioal evaluation and finite element structural analysis of Si wafer surface under echanical stress2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakata, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Preparation of Electrodeposited Pt Nano Patterned Electrode using UV-Nano Imprinting Lithography2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Saito J. Mizuno, H. Nishikubo, H. Fujiwara, T. Horana
    • Organizer
      214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal Nano Particles Using Eleotrodeposited Pt Electrode with Nano Patterned Surface2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Nishikubo, H. Fujiwara, M. Saito, J. Mizuno, T. Homna
    • Organizer
      214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Eleotrochemioal Fabrication of CoPt Nanodot Arrays on Glass Disks by UV Nanoimprint Lithography2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Ouohi, Y. Arikawa, J. Mizuno, S. Shoji, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      214th Meeting of the Eleotroohemioal Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Theoretical analysis of the H2PO2- dehydrogenation in the eleotroless deposition process2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Kunimoto, H. Nakai, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      lUMRS(International Union of Materials Research Societies)
    • Place of Presentation
      Nagoya, Japan
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Size-oontrolled miorofabrioation of pore arrays to Si wafer surface2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Uzawa, N. Kawana, T. Ouohi, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      lUMRS(International Union of Materials Research Societies)
    • Place of Presentation
      Nagoya, Japan
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Enhancing Lateral Growth of Electrodeposition for Fabrication of Au Ultra Thin Films onto Non-Gonductive Surfaces2008

    • Author(s)
      C. Kobayashi, S. Yoshida, S. Ishizaki, K. Sakata, M. Saito, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      lUMRS(International Union of Materials Research Societies)
    • Place of Presentation
      Nagoya, Japan
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Fabrication of CoPt Magnetic Nanodot Arrays by Electrodeposition Process2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Ouchi, Y. Arikawa, T. Homma
    • Organizer
      The 8th Perpendicular Magnetic Reeording Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Tokyo
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-16
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si電解エッチングによる微細孔アレイ形成に及ぼす光照射条件の影響2007

    • Author(s)
      磯部 哲彦, 穐本 譲史, 鵜澤 健太郎, 本間 敬之
    • Organizer
      電気化学会2007秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-19
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Hybrid orientation technology(HOT)ウェハにおける張り合わせ界面および表面での特性評価2007

    • Author(s)
      加藤 真裕, 阪田 薫穂, 本間 敬之, 仙田 剛士, 泉妻 宏治
    • Organizer
      電気化学会2007秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-19
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ウェットプロセスによる強磁性ナノドットアレイ構造体の形成2007

    • Author(s)
      本間 敬之
    • Organizer
      表面技術協会第116回講演大会
    • Place of Presentation
      長崎
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-18
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Density Functional Theory Study on Electroless Deposition Processes2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, T. Shimada, K. Endo, M. Kunimoto, H. Nakai
    • Organizer
      58th Meeting of International Society of Electrochemisty
    • Place of Presentation
      Banff,Canada
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-11
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Electrochemical fabrication and modification processes for arrayed microstructures on Si wafer surfaces2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, H. Sato, T. Yamaguchi, T. Isobe, T. Ouchi
    • Organizer
      211th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago,IL,USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-05-08
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Density Functional Theory Study on Electroless Deposition Processes2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, T. Shimada, K. Endo, M. Kunimoto, H. Nakai
    • Organizer
      International Society of Electrochemisty
    • Place of Presentation
      Banff, Canada
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Electrochemical Fabrication and Modification Processes for Arrayed Microstructures on Si Wafer Surfaces2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, H. Sato, T. Yamaguchi, T. Isobe, T. Ouchi
    • Organizer
      The Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Book] Electrocrystallization in Nanotechnology -Electrochemical Fabrication of Arrayed Nanostructures-2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Homma, (G. Staikov, Eds.)
    • Publisher
      Willey-VCH
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Book] Electrocrystallization in Nanotechnology (Edited by G.Staikov)2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Homma(共著)
    • Total Pages
      279
    • Publisher
      Wiley-VCH
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 図解 最先端表面処理技術のすべて(関東学院大学表面工学研究所編)2006

    • Author(s)
      本間敬之(共著)
    • Total Pages
      323
    • Publisher
      工業調査会
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      http://www.waseda-applchem.jp/lab/lab012.html

    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] マイクロリアクタの製造方法2009

    • Inventor(s)
      本間敬之, 庄子習一, 逢坂哲彌, 佐藤裕崇
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      早稲田大学
    • Filing Date
      2009-08-14
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 電極、金属微粒子の製造装置および金属微粒子の製造方法2007

    • Inventor(s)
      本間敬之, 齋藤美紀子, 水野潤, 原田琢也, 藤原英道
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      早稲田大学, 古河電気工業 (株)
    • Patent Publication Number
      2007-327117
    • Filing Date
      2007-12-20
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 相分離を利用した分離相, ナノ構造素子及びナノ構造体の製造方法2006

    • Inventor(s)
      宇野岳夫, 藤原英道, 本間敬之, 斎藤美紀子
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      早稲田大学, 古河電気工業 (株)
    • Patent Publication Number
      2006-249535
    • Filing Date
      2006-09-21
    • Related Report
      2008 Final Research Report

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Published: 2006-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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