日常的「出来事」の機能解剖研究

• Project/Area Number: 18680026
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Research Field: Cognitive science
• Research Institution: Tohoku University (2007-2008); National Institute for Physiological Sciences (2006)
• Principal Investigator: 杉浦 元亮 Tohoku University, 加齢医学研究所, 准教授 (60396546)
• Project Period (FY): 2006 – 2008
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2008)
• Budget Amount: ¥22,620,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,220,000); Fiscal Year 2008: ¥7,670,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,770,000); Fiscal Year 2007: ¥7,280,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,680,000); Fiscal Year 2006: ¥7,670,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,770,000)
• Keywords: 脳機能イメージング / fMRI / 脳機能マッピング / 自伝的記憶 / 人物認知 / 顔認知 / 情動記憶 / 長期記憶

Research Abstract

我々が日常的に経験した「出来事」を様々な記憶要素の連合と考え、その脳メカニズムの解明を目指している。「場所」「人物」「物体」の3種類の記憶要素の脳内表象と、これらが情動体験と連合するメカニズムが研究対象である。本年度は、より統制された実験課題によって3種類の記憶要素の連合メカニズムを明らかにした。記憶要素をコントロールするために、学習セッションを用いて人工的に「出来事」記憶を操作した。被験者が探偵として事件を解決するロールプレイング形式の学習(偽体験)セッショシを行わせ、形成された人工的な「出来事」で実際の自伝的「出来事」をモデル化した。事件が起きた場所の写真で文脈プライミングを行う条件と行わない条件で「人物」と「物体」の認知課題を被験者に行わせた。文脈プライミングを行った場合、「人物」と「物体」の認知時に連合している出来事を想起する処理過程が効率化され、連合に関与する脳領域の活動が低下することが期待される。測定した認知時の脳活動を、2条件間で比較した結果、左の海馬と下側頭回前部にプライミングに伴う活動低下が見られた。これらの領域が「場所」「人物」「物体」の3種類の記憶要素を出来事として統合する役割を担うことが、世界で初めて明らかとなった。この成果について現在学会発表・論文執筆を準備中である。さらに事件解決の成否や被験者の性格と、学習セッション・認知セッションでの脳活動との相関を検討し、情動体験との連合メカニズムを解析中である。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Anatomical segregation of representations of pesonally familiar and famous neonle in the temporal and parietal cortices (2009)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et.al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (印刷中)
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Extraction of situational meaning by integrating multiple meanings in a complex environment : a functional MRI study (2009)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et.al.
  • Journal Title: Human Brain Mapping (印刷中)
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Neural basis of sentence processing in which incoming words form a sentence (2009)
  • Author(s): Naho Ikuta, et.al.
  • Journal Title: Neuroreport 20 Pages: 531-535
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 自己と他者 : 脳機能画像での検討 (2009)
  • Author(s): 杉浦元亮
  • Journal Title: 精神医学 51 Pages: 223-230
• [Journal Article] 人物認知と身体認知 (2009)
  • Author(s): 杉浦元亮
  • Journal Title: Clinical Neuroscience(月刊臨床神経科学) 27 Pages: 398-399
• [Journal Article] Face-specific and domain-general characteristics of cortical responses du ring self-recognition (2008)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et.al.
  • Journal Title: Neurolmage 42 Pages: 414-422
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Cortical mechanism of communicative speech production (2007)
  • Author(s): Yuko Sassa, et. al.
  • Journal Title: Neuro Image 37 Pages: 985-992
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Comprehension of implicit meanings in social situations involving irony: A functional MRI study (2007)
  • Author(s): Keisuke Wakusawa, et. al.
  • Journal Title: Neuro Image 37 Pages: 1417-1426
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Brain mechanisms of self-recognition and social cognition: Views from functional imaging studies on recognition of one's own face (2007)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology 23 Pages: 250-259
  • NAID: 10029840675
• [Journal Article] Face-Specific and Domain-General Characteristics of Cortical Responses during Self-Recognition
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et. al.
  • Journal Title: Neuro Image (in press)
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Shared cortical representation of familiar people and places : difference between personally-familiar and famous items (2008)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et.al.
  • Organizer: Society for Neuroscience 38th annual meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Washington DC, US
  • Year and Date: 2008-11-19
• [Presentation] How does brain discriminate self and other, and how could it be related to Schizonhrenia (2008)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura
  • Organizer: 2nd World Federation of Societies of Biological Ps vchiatry Asia-Pacific Congress
  • Place of Presentation: Toyama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2008-09-12
• [Presentation] Cortical correlates of famous and personally-familiar place representations (2008)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et.al.
  • Organizer: 第31回日本神経科学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: Melbourne, Australia
  • Year and Date: 2008-07-10
• [Presentation] Cortical Representations of Famous and Personally-Familiar Places (2008)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et.al.
  • Organizer: 14 th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Hu man Brain Mapping
  • Place of Presentation: Melbourne, Australia
  • Year and Date: 2008-06-18
• [Presentation] Cortical representations of personally familiar and famous faces: an ada ptation approach using functional magnetic resonance imaging. (2007)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et. al.
  • Organizer: The Society for Neuroscience 37rd Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Diego, USA
  • Year and Date: 2007-11-03
• [Presentation] Who is to marry or to be a friend?: an fMRI study of social decision making. (2007)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et. al.
  • Organizer: The 30th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society
  • Place of Presentation: Yokohama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2007-09-11
• [Presentation] Domain-specific person-representations in posterior cortices: an fMRI study on famous-name recognition. (2007)
  • Author(s): Motoaki Sugiura, et. al.
  • Organizer: 13th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping
  • Place of Presentation: Chicago, USA
  • Year and Date: 2007-06-13