高齢化社会における都市・地域経済問題の研究

• Project/Area Number: 18H00841
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 07040:Economic policy-related
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: 高橋 孝明 東京大学, 空間情報科学研究センター, 教授 (30262091)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 佐藤 泰裕 東京大学, 大学院経済学研究科(経済学部), 教授 (30332703) ; 中川 万理子 一橋大学, 経済研究所, 講師 (30779335) ; 田渕 隆俊 中央大学, 国際経営学部, 教授 (70133014)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥16,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,870,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
• Keywords: 都市経済学 / 地域経済学 / 経済地理学 / 空間経済学

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本年度は、理論分析をさらに進め、高齢者の立地の特性についていくつかの知見を得た。具体的には、マクロ経済学でよく用いられる重複世代モデルを空間経済学の核・周縁モデル（core periphery model）に組み込み、その定常状態を分析した。高齢者は、若年層のように、賃金の高い地域に居住する必要がない。したがって、若年層よりも、より多くの財やサービスのバラエティーが提供される地域に居住するインセンティブをもつ。このことは、高齢者が若年層よりもより大きく集積する傾向をもつことを意味する。このことを、実際にモデルの定常状態において確認した。このことは、高齢化が進むことで、経済活動の集積の傾向がさらに強まることを意味する。
考えられる反論として、都市コスト（urban costs）の問題がある。高齢者は若年層よりも、より静謐で便利な環境に立地することを好むと思われる。つまり、高齢者にとって都市コストはきわめて高い。このことは、集積の傾向を減じるように働くと思われる。そのために、都市コストを分析に組み入れてモデルを拡張し、その影響についても分析を加えた。
さらに、データを用いて現実の高齢者の立地傾向を把握した。高齢者と若年層では移住にかかるコストが大きく異なると考えられる。そのため、単純に立地の傾向を比較することには意味がない。そこで、移住データを利用して、移住するという条件を所与とした場合に、大都市と小都市のどちらを選ぶかという問題を分析した。結果として、高齢者の方が若年層よりも大都市に移住する傾向が強いことが明らかになった。

Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

本年度は、権威のある国際学術誌に4本の論文が掲載され、それ以外に5本の論文が執筆された。また国際学術誌に掲載された4本は全て査読付きで、しかもそのうちの1本は国際共同研究である。これらの分量は、当該分野においてはきわめて大きいと言える。この点から、研究は、当初の計画を上回って進捗していると考えられる。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

今後は、作成した理論モデルの細部をつめて、完成させる。可能であれば、移住コストを陽表的に分析に組み込んで、現実の移住問題に即した形にモデルを拡張することを考えている。また、理論モデルから得られる政策的含意についてさらに検討を加え、現実の問題の解決に資する提言が行えるようにしたい。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] CEPR(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] アムステルダム自由大学(オランダ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ポツダム大学(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Kyungpook National University(韓国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Luxembourg(ルクセンブルク)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Monash University(オーストラリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] CORE(ベルギー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Luxembourg(ルクセンブルク)
• [Int'l Joint Research] National Sun Yat‐sen University(その他の国・地域)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Potsdam(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Nanjing University(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ワシントン大学(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] National Sun Yat‐sen University(台湾)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Wurzburg(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Monash University(オーストラリア)
• [Journal Article] 豊かな日常生活圏・徒歩圏の実現に関して空間経済学が示唆すること (2023)
  • Author(s): 高橋孝明
  • Journal Title: 日本不動産学会誌 Volume: 36 Pages: 59-64
• [Journal Article] On the economic geography of an aging society (2022)
  • Author(s): Takaaki Takahashi
  • Journal Title: Regional Science and Urban Economics Volume: 95 Pages: 103798-103798
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103798
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The conflict between residents and tourists: on the variety-shifting effect of tourism growth (2022)
  • Author(s): Takaaki Takahashi
  • Journal Title: Japanese Economic Review Volume: forthcoming Issue: 1 Pages: 121-145
  • DOI: 10.1007/s42973-021-00108-5
  • NAID: 210000170311
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Do People Accept Different Cultures? (2022)
  • Author(s): Mariko Nakagawa, Yasuhiro Sato, Takatoshi Tabuchi, Kazuhiro Yamamoto
  • Journal Title: Journal of Urban Economics Volume: 130 Pages: 1-19
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2022.103455
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] To be connected or not to be connected? The role of long-haul economies (2022)
  • Author(s): Hans R.A. Koster, Takatoshi Tabuchi, Jacques-Francois Thisse
  • Journal Title: Journal of Economic Geography Volume: 22 Issue: 4 Pages: 711-753
  • DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbab042
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Do transport infrastructure investments decentralize a city? A theoretical revisit to the Alonso-Mills-Muth city with scale economies (2022)
  • Author(s): Takaaki Takahashi
  • Journal Title: CSIS Discussion Papers Volume: 177
• [Journal Article] Measuring the demand for medical access improvement policy via a randomized conjoint field experiment in remote and aging municipalities in Japan (2022)
  • Author(s): Azusa Matsumoto, Mariko Nakagawa, Hisamitsu Saito, Ghulam Dastgir Khan, Keisuke Kawata, Kenji Oku, Ichiro Oki, Tatsuya Atsumi, Yuichiro Yoshida
  • Journal Title: CSRDA Discussion Paper Volume: 30
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Property tax competition: A quantitative assessment (2022)
  • Author(s): Rainald Borck, Jun Oshiro, Yasuhiro Sato
  • Journal Title: CIRJE Discussion Papers Volume: F-1199
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Measuring discrimination in spatial equilibrium: 100 years of Japan’s invisible race (2022)
  • Author(s): Atsushi Yamagishi, Yasuhiro Sato
  • Journal Title: CIRJE Discussion Papers Volume: F-1188
• [Journal Article] Measuring the demand for medical access improvement policy via a randomized conjoint field experiment in remote and aging municipalities in Japan (2022)
  • Author(s): Azusa Matsumoto, Mariko Nakagawa, Hisamitsu Saito, Ghulam Dastgir Khan, Keisuke Kawata, Kenji Oku, Ichiro Oki, Tatsuya Atsumi, Yuichiro Yoshida
  • Journal Title: CSRDA Discussion Paper Volume: 30
• [Journal Article] 国際観光客の増大が受入地域の厚生に及ぼす影響の経済学的検討 (2022)
  • Author(s): 高橋孝明
  • Journal Title: 村田学術振興財団研究助成報告書 Volume: - Pages: 512-549
• [Journal Article] 高齢社会の到来が経済活動の立地に及ぼす影響について：経済学理論の示唆 (2020)
  • Author(s): 高橋孝明
  • Journal Title: 日交研シリーズ Volume: B-190
• [Journal Article] Urban structures with forward and backward linkages (2020)
  • Author(s): Mossay P., P.M. Picard, and T. Tabuchi
  • Journal Title: Regional Science and Urban Economics Volume: － Pages: 103522-103522
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103522
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Assimilation patterns in cities (2020)
  • Author(s): Sato, Y., and Y. Zenou
  • Journal Title: European Economic Review Volume: 129 Pages: 103563-103563
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103563
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Demographics, immigration, and market size (2020)
  • Author(s): Koichi Fukumura, Kohei Nagamachi, Yasuhiro Sato and Kazuhiro Yamamoto
  • Journal Title: Japanese Economic Review Volume: － Issue: 4 Pages: 597-639
  • DOI: 10.1007/s42973-019-00023-w
  • NAID: 210000164309
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Demographics and competition for capital in political economy (2020)
  • Author(s): Tadashi Morita, Yasuhiro Sato, Kazuhiro Yamamoto
  • Journal Title: International Tax and Public Finance Volume: － Issue: 4 Pages: 865-889
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10797-019-09587-0
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A Theory of public goods under complementarity between safety and consumptions (2020)
  • Author(s): Aiba, I., and Y. Sato
  • Journal Title: CIRJE Discussion Papers Volume: F-1150
• [Journal Article] Do people accept different cultures? (2020)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M., Y. Sato, T. Tabuchi, and K. Yamamoto
  • Journal Title: RIETI Discussion Paper Volume: 20-E-090
• [Journal Article] Linguistic distance and economic prosperity: A cross-country analysis (2020)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M., and S. Sugasawa
  • Journal Title: CSIS Discussion Paper Volume: 169
• [Journal Article] Product proliferation and first mover advantage in a multiproduct duopoly (2020)
  • Author(s): Cheng Y.-L. and T. Tabuchi
  • Journal Title: International Journal of Economic Theory Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Pages: 106-118
  • DOI: 10.1111/ijet.12242
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Do the rich and poor colocate in large cities? (2019)
  • Author(s): Tabuchi T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Urban Economics Volume: 113 Pages: 103186-103186
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2019.103186
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Free trade agreement with endogenous market structure (2019)
  • Author(s): Pan L. and T. Tabuchi
  • Journal Title: Japanese Economic Review Volume: 70 Issue: 4 Pages: 426-445
  • DOI: 10.1111/jere.12214
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Battles between residents and tourists: On the welfare effects of growing tourism (2019)
  • Author(s): Takahashi, T.
  • Journal Title: CSIS Discussion Paper Volume: 160 Pages: 1-21
• [Journal Article] Transportation mode choice and spatial structure of a city (2019)
  • Author(s): Takahashi, T.
  • Journal Title: CSIS Discussion Paper Volume: 158 Pages: 1-31
• [Journal Article] Segregation and public spending under social identification (2019)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M., Y. Sato, and K. Yamamoto
  • Journal Title: CIRJE Discussion Papers Volume: F-1132 Pages: 1-22
• [Journal Article] Comparative advantage and agglomeration of economies and trade costs (2019)
  • Author(s): Pfluger, M. and T. Tabuchi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Urban Economics Volume: 109 Pages: 1-13
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Illegal immigration, unemployment, and multiple destinations (2019)
  • Author(s): Miyagiwa, K. and Y. Sato
  • Journal Title: Journal of Regional Science Volume: 59 Pages: 118-144
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] "Pollution and city size: can cities be too small? (2018)
  • Author(s): Borck R. and T. Tabuchi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Economic Geography Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 5 Pages: 995-1020
  • DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lby017
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Equilibrium commuting (2018)
  • Author(s): Berliant, M. and T. Tabuchi
  • Journal Title: Economic Theory Volume: 65 Pages: 609-627
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Multiproduct oligopoly and trade between asymmetric countries (2018)
  • Author(s): Cheng, Y.-L. and T. Tabuchi
  • Journal Title: Review of International Economics Volume: 26 Pages: 524-538
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] 少子高齢化時代のインフラストラクチャー投資と都市の空間構造：都市内住宅立地理論による検討 (2018)
  • Author(s): 高橋孝明
  • Journal Title: 柳川範之編著『インフラを科学する』 Volume: - Pages: 151-172
• [Journal Article] On the economic geography of an aging society (2018)
  • Author(s): Takahashi, T.
  • Journal Title: CSIS Discussion Paper Volume: 154
• [Journal Article] Assimilation patterns in cities (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, Y. and Y. Zenou
  • Journal Title: CIRJE Discussion Papers Volume: F-1104
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Impacts of high-speed rail construction on urban agglomerations: Evidence from Kyushu in Japan (2018)
  • Author(s): Okamoto, C. and Y. Sato
  • Journal Title: CIRJE Discussion Papers Volume: F-1097
• [Journal Article] Skill transference and international migration: A theoretical analysis on skilled migration to the Anglosphere (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M.
  • Journal Title: RIETI Discussion Paper Volume: 18-E-083
• [Presentation] Do transport infrastructure investments decentralize a city? A theoretical revisit to the Alonso-Mills-Muth city with scale economies (2022)
  • Author(s): 高橋孝明
  • Organizer: 応用地域学会第35回研究発表大会
• [Presentation] 高齢社会の到来が経済活動の立地に及ぼす影響について：経済学理論の示唆 (2021)
  • Author(s): 高橋孝明
  • Organizer: 不動産金融フォーラム2021
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 高齢社会の到来が経済活動の立地に及ぼす影響について：経済学理論の示唆 (2020)
  • Author(s): 高橋孝明
  • Organizer: 日本交通政策研究会講演会
• [Presentation] Residential agglomeration of homeless people and their richness (2020)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M.
  • Organizer: 都市経済ワークショップ
• [Presentation] Assimilation patterns in cities (2019)
  • Author(s): Sato, Y.
  • Organizer: 2019 SMU Conference on Urban and Regional Economics
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Historical distribution of regional economic activities (2019)
  • Author(s): Tabuchi, T.
  • Organizer: European Regional Science Association Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Topics in new economic geography (2019)
  • Author(s): Tabuchi, T.
  • Organizer: Lecture series at Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Battles between residents and tourists: On the welfare effects of growing tourism (2019)
  • Author(s): Takahashi, T.
  • Organizer: 応用地域学会
• [Presentation] Assimilation patterns in cities (2019)
  • Author(s): Sato, Y.
  • Organizer: 応用地域学会
• [Presentation] Skill transference and international migration: A theoretical analysis on skilled migration to the Anglosphere (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M.
  • Organizer: 8th European Meeting of the Urban Economics Association
• [Presentation] Impacts of high-speed rail construction on urban agglomerations: Evidence from Kyushu in Japan (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, Y.
  • Organizer: 第32回応用地域学会研究発表大会
• [Presentation] Skill transference and international migration: A theoretical analysis on skilled migration to the Anglosphere (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M.
  • Organizer: 2nd SMU Conference on Urban and Regional Economics