Development of wide-band high-speed compact digital camera for cosmic hard X-ray observation

• Project/Area Number: 18H01256
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
• Research Institution: Kanto Gakuin University
• Principal Investigator: Nakajima Hiroshi 関東学院大学, 理工学部, 准教授 (70570670)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥16,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,900,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥6,630,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,530,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥8,320,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,920,000)
• Keywords: Ｘ線イメージング / CMOS / 放射線耐性 / 硬X線 / X線イメージング / X線天文学

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We have developed complementary MOS (CMOS) sensors originally fabricated for the sensitive visible light imaging. We irradiate the sensors with monochromatic X-rays from 109Cd (22.1keV). The energy resolution of 0.94 keV (FWHM) is better than that of conventional CCD camera. Radiation tolerance was evaluated with proton and heavy ion beams. We tested the device with the total dose of 100krad, which is much higher than the dose expected in the lifetime of the ordinary astronomical satellite. The Ka and Kb from 55Fe could be resolved after the irradiation. Furthermore, there was no critical malfunction in the heavy ion test, which ensures the radiation tolerance in space.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

将来の高感度硬X線望遠鏡と従来のCCDを用いて観測したとすると、硬X線は検出器を透過してしまい検出できず、軟X線にしても検出器面上で光子密度が高くなりすぎて重なり合い(パイルアップ)、各光子の正確なエネルギーが測定できなくなるが、本研究で開発したCMOSを用いることで、パイルアップのない、連続的な観測を広帯域で行う見込みが得られた。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Screening and selection of XRISM/Xtend flight model CCD (2021)
  • Author(s): Yoneyama Tomokage、Noda Hirofumi、Hanaoka Maho et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Volume: 985 Pages: 164676-164676
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164676
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Optical blocking performance of CCDs developed for the X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM (2020)
  • Author(s): Uchida, Hiroyuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Amano, Yuki; Okon, Hiromichi; Tsuru, Takeshi G.; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Noda, Hirofumi; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Matsumoto, Hironori; Hanaoka, Maho; Yoneyama, Tomokage; Okazaki, Koki; Asakura, Kazunori; et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A Volume: 978 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164374
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Soft x-ray imager (SXI) for Xtend onboard X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) (2020)
  • Author(s): Hiroshi Nakajima, Hirofumi Noda, Hironori Matsumoto, Kumiko K. Nobukawa et al.
  • Journal Title: Proc. SPIE Volume: 11444 Pages: 1144423-1144423
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2560348
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] Sub-arcseconds to micro-arcsecond x-ray imaging with multi image x-ray interferometer method (MIXIM): concept and scalabe mission plans (2020)
  • Author(s): Hayashida Kiyoshi、Asakura Kazunori、Ishikura Ayami、Hirofumi Noda (8番目) et al.
  • Journal Title: SPIE proceedings, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray Volume: - Pages: 44-44
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2562193
• [Journal Article] Subsub-arcseconds x-ray imaging with multi-image x-ray interferometer module (MIXIM): experimental results (2020)
  • Author(s): Asakura Kazunori、Hayashida Kiyoshi、Hanasaka Takashi、Kawabata Tomoki、Yoneyama Tomokage、Noda Hirofumi、Sakuma Shotaro、Okazaki Koki、Ishikura Ayami、Hanaoka Maho、Ide Shuntaro、Hattori Kengo、Matsumoto Hironori、Tsunemi Hiroshi、Awaki Hisamitsu、Nakajima Hiroshi、Hiraga Junko S.
  • Journal Title: SPIE proceedings, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray Volume: - Pages: 152-152
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2560772
• [Journal Article] Developing the detector of x-ray imaging spectrometer for GEO-X mission (2020)
  • Author(s): Hiroshi Nakajima, et al.
  • Journal Title: Proc. SPIE Volume: 11454 Pages: 21-21
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2562221
• [Journal Article] X-ray photon counting performance of front-illuminated scientific CMOS image sensor (2020)
  • Author(s): Junko S. Hiraga, Hiroshi Nakajima et al.
  • Journal Title: Proc. SPIE Volume: 11454 Pages: 1145438-1145438
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2562976
• [Journal Article] Inverse First Ionization Potential Effects in Giant Solar Flares Found from Earth X-Ray Albedo with Suzaku/XIS (2020)
  • Author(s): Katsuda Satoru et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 891 Issue: 2 Pages: 126-126
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7207
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] X-ray imaging polarimetry with a 2.5-μm pixel CMOS sensor for visible light at room temperature (2019)
  • Author(s): Asakura Kazunori、Hayashida Kiyoshi、Hanasaka Takashi、Kawabata Tomoki、Yoneyama Tomokage、Okazaki Koki、Ide Shuntaro、Noda Hirofumi、Matsumoto Hironori
  • Journal Title: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.5.3.035002
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Radiation hardness of a p-channel notch CCD developed for the X-ray CCD camera onboard the XRISM satellite (2019)
  • Author(s): Kanemaru Y., Sato J., Mori K. et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Instrumentation Volume: 14 Issue: 04 Pages: C04003-C04003
  • DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/04/c04003
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Universal detection of high-temperature emission in X-ray isolated neutron stars (2019)
  • Author(s): Yoneyama Tomokage、Hayashida Kiyoshi、Nakajima Hiroshi、Matsumoto Hironori
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 71 Issue: 1 Pages: 17-17
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psy135
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, Aya Bamba, et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 9-9
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx138
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Measurements of resonant scattering in the Perseus Cluster core with Hitomi SXS (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, Aya Bamba, et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 10-10
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx127
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, Aya Bamba, et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 11-11
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psy004
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Atomic data and spectral modeling constraints from high-resolution X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster with Hitomi* (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, Aya Bamba
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 12-12
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx156
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Hitomi observation of radio galaxy NGC1275: The first X-ray microcalorimeter spectroscopy of Fe-Kα line emission from an active galactic nucleus (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, Aya Bamba, et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 13-13
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx147
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Search for thermal X-ray features from the Crab nebula with the Hitomi soft X-ray spectrometer (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, Aya Bamba, et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 14-14
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx072
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Hitomi X-ray studies of giant radio pulses from the Crab pulsar (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, Aya Bamba, et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 15-15
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx083
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Hitomi observations of the LMC SNR N 132D: Highly redshifted X-ray emission from iron ejecta (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi collaboration, A. Bamba, et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 16-16
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx151
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Glimpse of the highly obscured HMXB IGR J16318-4848 with Hitomi (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration, A. Bamba et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 17-17
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx154
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] In-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system aboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H) (2018)
  • Author(s): Nakajima Hiroshi, Bamba Aya et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 2 Pages: 21-21
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx116
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Hitomi X-ray observation of the pulsar wind nebula G21.5-0.9 (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi Collaboration、Aharonian Felix、...、Kohmura Takayoshi...、et al (他191名）
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-16
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psy027
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Ultralightweight x-ray telescope missions: ORBIS and GEO-X (2018)
  • Author(s): Yuichiro Ezoe, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Satoshi Kasahara, Tomoki Kimura, Kumi Ishikawa, Masaki Fujimoto, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Hironori Sahara, Naoki Isobe, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takaya Ohashi, Harunori Nagata, Ryu Funase, Munetaka Ueno, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont
  • Journal Title: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Pages: 46001-46001
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.4.4.046001
  • NAID: 120006543343
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Detection of polarized gamma-ray emission from the Crab nebula with the Hitomi Soft Gamma-ray Detector (2018)
  • Author(s): Hitomi collaboration
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: 6 Pages: 113-113
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psy118
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] X線分光撮像衛星XRISM搭載軟X線撮像装置Xtendの開発の状況(7) (2021)
  • Author(s): 中嶋大、林田清、冨田洋、森浩二、田中孝明、内田裕之、鶴剛、野田博文、松本浩典、岡島崇、林多佳由、吉田鉄生、石田学、前田良知、村上弘志、山内誠、廿日出勇、信川正順、信川久実子、幸村孝由、萩野浩一、小林翔悟、平賀純子、内山秀樹、山岡和貴、尾崎正伸、堂谷忠靖、常深博、他XRISM/Xtend チーム
  • Organizer: 日本物理学会
• [Presentation] 宇宙軟X線観測用CMOSセンサの分光性能と放射線耐性 (2021)
  • Author(s): 中村彰太郎、中嶋大、光野皓、平賀純子、由比大斗、江副祐一郎、石川久美
  • Organizer: 応用物理学会
• [Presentation] CMOSイメージセンサーにおけるX線撮像分光性能の評価 (2021)
  • Author(s): 鎌田恭彰、平賀純子、吉田明弘、由比大斗、中嶋大
  • Organizer: 応用物理学会
• [Presentation] 宇宙軟X線観測用CMOSカメラの開発(2) (2020)
  • Author(s): 中嶋大、中村彰太郎、光野皓、平賀純子、由比大斗、江副祐一郎、石川久美
  • Organizer: 応用物理学会
• [Presentation] 宇宙X線観測に向けた裏面照射型CMOSセンサの撮像分光性能評価 (2019)
  • Author(s): 中嶋大、樫村晶、平賀純子、由比大斗、吉田将之、江副祐一郎
  • Organizer: 応用物理学会