Magma fragmentation mechanism inducing explosive volcanic eruptions and a predicition model for volcanic eruptions
| Project/Area Number |
18H01296
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 17040:Solid earth sciences-related
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| Research Institution | Tohoku University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
小園 誠史 東北大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (40506747)
伊藤 正一 京都大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (60397023)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-04-01 – 2022-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥17,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥12,350,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,850,000)
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| Keywords | 爆発的火山噴火 / マグマ破砕 / 減圧結晶化実験 / 噴火推移予測モデル / 脱ガス / 爆発的噴火 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The explosive volcanism is controlled by magma fragmentation during its ascent. The fragmentation of magma causes explosive eruptions by changing the flow type from viscous flow to a low-viscous gas flow with magma fragments. In order to clarify the mechanism of magma fragmentation, we analyzed pyroclastic materials, and performed decompression experiments. We also conducted numerical simulation based on a physical model for magma flow in a volcanic conduit. Finally, we could determine magma fragmentation mechanism, and then the relationship between magma fragmentation conditions and eruption transition was also discussed.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
爆発的火山噴火は，粉々に破砕されたマグマが地表へ放出されることで発生する。本研究では，実際の火山噴火と火山噴出物の組織を実験と計算機を用いて再現し，破砕メカニズムを明らかにした。本研究の結果，マグマ中の結晶量が十分な量になるとマグマが破砕するケースや，結晶が少なくとも破砕するケースがあることが分かった。このような多様な破砕メカニズムが爆発的火山噴火の推移に影響を与えている可能性も示された。今後，ここでは対象としなかった他の火山噴火についても検討を進めることで，本モデルの妥当性を検証していく必要がある。
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Report
(5 results)
Research Products
(28 results)
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[Journal Article] An experimental system for time-resolved x-ray diffraction of deforming silicate melt at high temperature2020
Author(s)
Okumura, S., Uesugi, K., Sakamaki, T., Goto, A., Uesugi, M., Takeuchi, A.
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Journal Title
Review of Scientific Instruments
Volume: 91
Issue: 9
Pages: 155-160
DOI
Related Report
Peer Reviewed
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