| Budget Amount *help |
¥15,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are potential pulmonary toxicants, when inhaled as aerosols. The surface pressure/trough area (π-A) isotherm feature and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of lipid monolayers indicated that BAC and CPC change physiological functions of the alveolar lining. Exposure to BAC and CPC caused caspase 3-dependent apoptotic cell death in A549 cells and the cytotoxicity increased with the length of the alkyl chain of BAC. Our study indicates that aerosolized BAC and CPC can be internalized into alveolar cells via Macrophage Receptor with Collagenous Structure (MARCO) which recognizes the surface of unopsonized environmental particles. We have also shown that BAC and CPC activate the inflammasome in macrophages and induce stress granules in G3BP1-expressing cell. Together, the current study shows mechanistic pathways, whereby cationic detergents cause severe inflammation in the lung when inhaled as aerosols.
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