| Budget Amount *help |
¥15,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,570,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Since the late twentieth century, the rural areas of Southeast Asia have experienced socio-economic changes referred to as de-agrarianization, while at the same time the agricultural sector has continued to grow, referred to as agriculturalization. This study examined this seemingly paradoxical change in contemporary rural Southeast Asia, the paradox of de-agrarianization. This study found that it is the “relative” de-agrarianization and the continuous agricultural development behind industrialization can be partly explained by the rich endowment of ecological resources in the region. Under uncertain natural conditions in the tropics, applying the theory of risk homeostasis to the livelihood strategy of rural households, the expansion of non-farm income (less risk associated with agriculture) can proceed alongside agricultural intensification (risk-taking behavior).
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