Reconstruction of philosophy of language based on similarity and pattern recognition

Research Project

Project/Area Number	18K00045
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 01010:Philosophy and ethics-related
Research Institution	Tokyo Metropolitan University
Principal Investigator	Matsusaka Youichi 東京都立大学, 人文科学研究科, 教授 (50244398)
Project Period (FY)	2018-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status	Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help	¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000) Fiscal Year 2022: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000) Fiscal Year 2021: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000) Fiscal Year 2020: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000) Fiscal Year 2019: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000) Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Keywords	哲学 / 言語哲学 / 意味論 / 語用論 / 存在論 / メタ意味論
Outline of Final Research Achievements	To gain a naturalistic understanding of the meaning of words, I conducted a comparative analysis of rational game theory and evolutionary game theory as analytical tools. This investigation revealed that both approaches can serve as complementary methods for metasemantic analysis. Additionally, I endeavored to position the later views of Wittgenstein as a form of "population thinking." Regarding the ontology of words, I aimed to portray the patterns of sound or spelling exhibited by words not as defining characteristics of words, but rather as naturally arising through human interaction and communication.
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	伝統的な言語哲学の諸問題とそれらに対する解決の試みは合理主義的な前提に基づくものが多いのに対し、本研究では近年進展の著しい機械学習や統計的学習理論との関連を明示しつつ、言語哲学のとりうる新たな形を示そうと試みた。本研究が目指したのは「人間の自然史としての言語」（ウィトゲンシュタイン）という観点の現代的な描像であり、言語に対する自然主義的アプローチのひとつして一定の意義を有すると信じる。