| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In ancient times, the world was in a state of chronic famine, but with the exception of infectious diseases such as smallpox, famines caused by droughts and rainstorms, and the epidemics they triggered, were environmental resistances that limited the areas affected. In the early Heian period, population density, or population pressure, was high from the center to the west of the archipelago, but the theory of 1% annual growth throughout the Nara period was a theoretical value. In the Nara period, the average annual population growth rate was between 0.1% and 0.2%, and the total population in the early Heian period was thought to be between 500,000 and 550,000.
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