| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥390,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥90,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
My research is an attempt to reveal how far the UK and US firms succeeded in improving the unsymmetrical structure for collecting debt in commercial disputes with Chinese firms. While in the commercial disputes in which Chinese firms were creditors, the UK and the US firms were always ordered to pay the debt, the UK and the US firms were not always succeeded in collecting the debt from Chinese firms until the end of the Qing dynasty.
In the Republican period, the UK and the US firms tried to collect the debt from Chinese firms by strengthening the function of the Shanghai Mixed Court or their consuls and local bureaucrats in other treaty ports, their effect lasted only until 1914.
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