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Cancer risk assessment study on gene polymorphism of bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 and glutathione-S-transferase by analyzing ToMMo data

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18K18442
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Studies on the Super-Aging Society
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

KOMAI Michio  東北大学, 農学研究科, 名誉教授 (80143022)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 白川 仁  東北大学, 農学研究科, 教授 (40206280)
八巻 美智子  東北生活文化大学, 家政学部, 講師 (50382677)
Project Period (FY) 2018-06-29 – 2020-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
Budget Amount *help
¥6,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,440,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Keywords苦味受容体TAS2R38 / 解毒酵素X, Y / ヒト遺伝子多型 / 発がんリスク研究 / メガバンクデータ / 食習慣調査 / 遺伝子多型 / 解毒酵素GST / 発がんリスク / 食習慣 / 2000人規模解析 / 発癌リスク / TaAS2R38 / GST / cancer risk
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Type 2 taste receptor (TAS2R) genes encode bitter-taste receptors, and it has been said that TAS2R38 can detect bitter substances in cruciferous vegetables and then suppress their intake by controlling gustatory or digestive response. The major haplotypes in TAS2R38 involve three non-synonymous, closely linked SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), leading to three amino acid substitutions (A49P, V262A and I296V) and resulting in a PAV or AVI allele, and the allele frequency of PAV/AVI was 0.57/0.43 in this study. Moreover, we identified 5 haplotypes with minor alleles, and these subjects were totally 16 out of 2047 Japanese ToMMo subjects. From the questionnaire analyses of BMI (body mass index), the vegetables and drinking frequency in the three major TAS2R38 genotypes (AVI/AVI, AVI/PAV and PAV/PAV), there was no correlation in BMI at all, however, a significant difference in alcohol intake frequency was observed among the genotype groups, by the Contingency Table analysis.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

ブロッコリー等のアブラナ科植物の摂取量が少ない被験者集団で各種の発癌率が高いという多くのヒト疫学データが、この研究のヒントになっている。アブラナ科植物には、イソチオシアネート類等の解毒に有利に働く代謝物が含まれている。発想の一つは、①アブラナ科植物に含まれる「イソチオシアネート類」の苦味を強く感じすぎる集団があって摂取量が少なくなっている可能性があり、もう一つは②アブラナ科植物の成分を代謝する酵素の遺伝子多型による違いが摂取量を規定している可能性がある。これらの機構の一部を解明できたため、生活習慣病や癌等の疾病防御の栄養指導ができる社会的意義も大きい。現在、②の解毒酵素の解析を継続中である。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2019 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2018 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (4 results)

All 2019 2018

All Presentation (4 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Invited: 1 results)

  • [Presentation] アブラナ科野菜の苦味感受性の個人差と苦味受容体TAS2Rの遺伝子多型に関する研究2019

    • Author(s)
      八巻美智子、齋藤弘貴、磯野邦夫、後藤知子、白川仁、駒井三千夫
    • Organizer
      日本味と匂学会第53回大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 東北メディカル・メガバンクのリファレンスパネルを利用した苦味受容体の個人差と味嗜好性との関連2018

    • Author(s)
      八巻美智子、三森隆弘、小野彰、鈴木洋一、長﨑正朗、山本雅之、佐藤しづ子、庄司憲明、齋藤弘貴、磯野邦夫、後藤知子、白川仁、駒井三千夫
    • Organizer
      日本味と匂学会第52回大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Genotyping Analysis of Bitter-Taste Receptor Genes TAS2R38 and TAS2R46 in Japanese Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers2018

    • Author(s)
      Komai M.
    • Organizer
      The 17th International Symposium on Molecular and Neural Mechanisms of Taste and Olfactory Perception (ISMNTOP 2018)
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Genetic polymorphism of human bitter taste receptors in the defense system against cancers2018

    • Author(s)
      Yamaki M, Saito H, Isono K, Satoh-Kuriwada S, Shoji N, Goto T, Shirakawa H, Komai M.
    • Organizer
      Asia-Pacific Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics Organization, Biennial Conference
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research

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Published: 2018-07-25   Modified: 2021-02-19  

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