| Project/Area Number |
18K18700
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 10:Psychology and related fields
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| Research Institution | University of the Sacred Heart |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
清水 寛之 神戸学院大学, 心理学部, 教授 (30202112)
齊藤 智 京都大学, 教育学研究科, 教授 (70253242)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-06-29 – 2023-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,720,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,320,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
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| Keywords | ステレオタイプ / 記憶 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The stereotype threat refers to the phenomenon in which individual task performance decreases when a relevant stereotype is salient during the performance. For example, women have more negative beliefs about memory for cars than men, and such gender stereotypes might impair performance. We investigated how stereotype threat effects are mediated. It has been suggested that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity that focuses attention on a goal-relevant task while suppressing task-irrelevant thoughts, and as a result diminishes task performance. To test this theory, we first attempted to directly manipulate the stereotype threat by varying how the test was characterized either as showing gender differences or not. These results suggest that individual differences in working memory capacity did not mediate the observed stereotype threat effect in women. The results are discussed in terms of the optimal mnemonic strategy in addition to some methodological problems.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
我々の社会には種々の固定観念すなわちステレオタイプ（たとえば、「一般に、女性は男性に比較して自動車の記憶力が悪い」）が蔓延している。これらのステレオタイプが自分に当てはまるかどうかを誰もが敏感に察知すると同時に、自分に当てはまるステレオタイプと一致した行動を示すかどうかについても、常に他者から観察され、評価されるという不安に直面し、自らの潜在的パフォーマンスの発現を妨げている。本研究では、実験参加者を女性だけに限定した上で、このようなステレオタイプを実験的に除去することにより、各自が最大限のパフォーマンスを発揮できる可能性のあることを明らかにした。
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