Integrating Language Change in Time and Space: Applying Geographical Information System (GIS) and Statistic Modelling to Historical Linguistics

• Project/Area Number: 18KK0012
• Research Category: Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Medium-sized Section 2:Literature, linguistics, and related fields
• Research Institution: National Museum of Ethnology
• Principal Investigator: 菊澤 律子 国立民族学博物館, 人類基礎理論研究部, 教授 (90272616)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 村脇 有吾 京都大学, 情報学研究科, 講師 (70616606) ; 持橋 大地 統計数理研究所, 数理・推論研究系, 准教授 (80418508) ; 吉岡 乾 国立民族学博物館, 人類基礎理論研究部, 准教授 (20725345) ; 佐野 文哉 京都大学, アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科, 客員研究員 (00965501)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-10-09 – 2024-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥18,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,170,000); Fiscal Year 2023: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥2,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥570,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
• Keywords: 地理情報システム / 方言データベース / 言語変化と空間 / 言語分布と時間軸 / ジオ・リファレンス / 手書き地図データの電子化 / 言語変化 / ヒトの移動誌 / フィジー語 / 言語接触

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究では、フィジー語300方言を対象に、言語の時間的な変化と空間的な伝播との関係を明らかにする手法に関する研究をツール開発と併行して進めている。本年度の実績は以下の通り。

1) 完成した一般公開用ウェブシステムのプロトタイプのデータの正確性に関する検証を済ませた。　2) 完成版を利用した手法開発の可能性について検討し、そのための準備を進めた。　3) 手書き地図データ約5800語分（ジオリファレンス作業終了）のデータを1) と統合する作業を開始した。現在100件程度入力済みである。4) 3) のデータに基づく分析方法について検討し、入力の優先順位と進行方法を確定した。　5) 関連する他機関の科研プロジェクトとの協働に関する議論を開始した。

Current Status of Research Progress

3: Progress in research has been slightly delayed.

Reason

・コロナの影響で海外との対面ミーティングや現地調査によるデータ追加が不可能になった部分が停滞している。また、そのため後ろ倒しとなったことで、別事業との時期が重なったことから、想定より速いスピードで進めることも不可能となっている。ただし、各自の単独レベルで進められる研究やデータ整備については、期間中もできる範囲で進めている。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

・2023年度前半には、分析に関するパイロットスタディができるところまで、データを追加・完成し、本プロジェクトの最終目的である言語の時空間分析のための手法開発に取り掛かれる見込みである。
・新しい研究手法につなげるヒントとして、考古学データや他地域言語データを扱う他のプロジェクトと共同でシンポジウムおよびワークショップを開催し、その知識を共有した上でブレストを行い、さまざまな見込みの検証を作成した GIS で応用する。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] University of the South Pacific(フィジー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Massey University(ニュージーランド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of the South Pacific(フィジー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Massey University(ニュージーランド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Massey University(ニュージーランド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] The University of the South Pacific/iTaukei Trust Fund Board(フィジー)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Massey University(ニュージーランド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of the South Pacific/iTaukei Trust Fund Board(フィジー)
• [Journal Article] Introduction (2022)
  • Author(s): Kikusawa Ritsuko and Sano Fumiya
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 1-6
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Indigenous Languages of Fiji: An Overview (2022)
  • Author(s): Paul Geraghty
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 9-24
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A Mismatch between Phonology and Grammar in Vatulele Fijian (2022)
  • Author(s): Okamoto Susumu
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 25-40
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A Pilot Study on the Regional and Ethnic Variations in Fiji Sign Language: Comparing Eastern and Western Viti Levu (2022)
  • Author(s): Sano Fumiya
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 40-56
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Potential Applications of GIS for Linguistic Data (2022)
  • Author(s): John H. Lowry
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 59-74
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Linguistic Mapping and Historical Analyses: Vertical and Horizontal Transmission and Potential GIS Application (2022)
  • Author(s): Kikusawa Ritsuko
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 75-100
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Developing a Fijian Language Geographic Information System (2022)
  • Author(s): Kikusawa Ritsuko and John H. Lowry
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 101-118
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A Pilot Research on Kadavu Data for the Fijian Language GIS Project (2022)
  • Author(s): Kikusawa Ritsuko
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 119-135
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A Fijian Drama Performance at Minpaku (2022)
  • Author(s): Niwa Norio
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 139-148
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Potentials of a Fijian Language Exhibition Based on Fijian GIS Data (2022)
  • Author(s): Apolonia Tamata
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 149-158
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Appendix A: Geraghty's 100 Wordlist (2022)
  • Author(s): (Kikusawa Ritsuko and Paul Geraghty)
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 159-162
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Appendix B: Details of the Research That Follows (2022)
  • Author(s): (Kikusawa Ritsuko)
  • Journal Title: Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation, Senri Ethnological Studies Volume: 108 Pages: 163-172
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Predicative Possession in Fijian (2022)
  • Author(s): Okamoto, Susumu
  • Journal Title: Shigen Volume: 17 Pages: 49-61
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] 方言群の時空間動態の統計的モデル化に向けての予備的考察 (2021)
  • Author(s): 村脇 有吾
  • Journal Title: 木部 暢子, 林 由華, 衣畑 智秀編. フィールドと文献から見る日琉諸語の系統と歴史 Volume: 108 Pages: 163-187
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Latent Geographical Factors for Analyzing the Evolution of Dialects in Contact (2020)
  • Author(s): Murawaki Yugo
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing Volume: - Pages: 959-976
  • DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.69
  • NAID: 130007998399
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] 基本語順の歴史的変化の数理モデル (2020)
  • Author(s): 村脇 有吾
  • Journal Title: 数学セミナー Volume: 2020.3 Pages: 36-40
• [Presentation] フィジー語バトゥレレ方言の名詞抱合 (2022)
  • Author(s): 岡本進
  • Organizer: TUFSグローバル・スタディーズ学会 2022年度（第三回）大会
• [Presentation] The Fijian Language GIS Project (2022)
  • Author(s): Lowry, J., P. Geraghty and R. Kikusawa
  • Organizer: New Zealand Geospatial Research Conference 2022. Wellington, NZ, 29-20, 2022.
• [Presentation] 「ガウス過程と自然言語処理」 (2021)
  • Author(s): 持橋大地
  • Organizer: 言語処理学会第27回年次大会チュートリアルT1
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Fiji language maps: How they were made and how to read them (2020)
  • Author(s): Paul Geraghty
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The Nasarowaqa communalect (2020)
  • Author(s): Apolonia Tamata
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Web Mapping: Analytical web map vs. Online thematic atlas (2020)
  • Author(s): John Lowry
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Linguistic mapping and historical analyses: Vertical and horizontal transmission and potential GIS applications (2020)
  • Author(s): Ritsuko Kikusawa
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Relaxing the tree constraint (2020)
  • Author(s): Yugo Murawaki
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Kinship term in Fijian Sign Language: A comparison with the Fijian Language (2020)
  • Author(s): Fumiya Sano
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Possessive construction in Vatulele Fijian (2020)
  • Author(s): Susumu Okamoto
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Spatial Gaussian processes for multinominal observations (2020)
  • Author(s): Daichi Mochihashi
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] フィジー語の叙述所有について (2020)
  • Author(s): 岡本進
  • Organizer: 日本言語学会第158回大会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 方言群の時空間解析にむけて: フィジー語を例に (2019)
  • Author(s): 村脇 有吾
  • Organizer: 新学術領域・ヤポネシアゲノム・言語班2018年度第2回研究集会
• [Presentation] Toward Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Dialects of Fijian (2019)
  • Author(s): MURAWAKI Yugo
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project
• [Presentation] Linguists’ Wishes in Developing a Fijian Language GIS (2019)
  • Author(s): KIKUSAWA Ritsuko
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project
• [Presentation] Indigenous Languages of Fiji: An Overview (2019)
  • Author(s): Paul GERAGHTY
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project
• [Presentation] A Mismatch between Phonology and Grammar in Vatulele Fijian (2019)
  • Author(s): OKAMOTO Susumu
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project
• [Presentation] SANO Fumiya (2019)
  • Author(s): SANO Fumiya
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project
• [Presentation] Fijian Belief and Practice Perceived through Language: damu and Related Concepts (2019)
  • Author(s): Apolonia TAMATA
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project
• [Presentation] Potential Applications of GIS for Linguistic Data (2019)
  • Author(s): John LOWRY
  • Organizer: Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project
• [Book] Fijian Language, Culture, and Their Representation (2022)
  • Author(s): Kikusawa Ritsuko and Sano Fumiya (eds.)
  • Total Pages: 182
  • Publisher: National Museum of Ethnology
  • ISBN: 9784906962990
• [Remarks] The Fijian Language GIS Web Map and Database
  • URL: https://arcg.is/1my5L5
• [Remarks] Fijian Communalects
  • URL: https://svcs-eaglegis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=3f82a75b09e140e3a48a8bffda24d22b
• [Remarks]
  • URL: http://www.minpaku.ac.jp/english/research/activity/news/rm/20190326
• [Remarks]
  • URL: http://www.minpaku.ac.jp/research/activity/news/rm/20190326
• [Funded Workshop] Fijian Languages Symposium and Satellite Workshops, Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand (2020)
• [Funded Workshop] Fijian Languages, Maps and Beyond: An Interim Report of the Fijian Language GIS (Geographic Information System) Project (2019)