| Project/Area Number |
18KK0374
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| Research Category |
Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (A))
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Research Field |
Sociology
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Population and Social Security Research |
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Principal Investigator |
Fukuda Setsuya 国立社会保障・人口問題研究所, 企画部, 第2室長 (90409433)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2019 – 2023
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥13,130,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,030,000)
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| Keywords | 出生 / ジェンダー / 学歴 / 両性出生モデル / fertility / gender / education / two-sex fertility model / センサスデータ / 国際比較 / 形式人口学 / 結婚 / 学歴同類婚 / 国勢調査 / 学歴組み合わせ別婚姻率 / 将来推計 / 45-49歳時未婚率 / 学歴組み合わせ別出生率 / 両性モデル / 将来出生力推計 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This grant allowed me to take on a three-month research stay at the Centre for Demographic Studies at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and a six-month stay at the School of Demography at the Australian National University. During these stays, I advanced international comparative research on the "two-sex fertility model," a method for analyzing birth rates based on combinations of characteristics for both sexes, through collaboration with local researchers. The research demonstrated that: 1) the period fertility rate of highly educated women is significantly constrained by difficulties in marriage (birth squeeze), and 2) analyzing variations in two-sex fertility rates that control for the impact of birth squeeze allows for a clear interpretation of the relationship between gender equity and fertility. These findings suggest that improving gender equity in Japan would lead to higher birth rates among highly educated women.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
ジェンダー役割の変容が出生に与える影響は、人口減少過程に入った日本においては、政策的に極めて重要なテーマであるが、科学的なエビデンスは十分とは言えない。今日多くの先進・新興諸国で女性の大学進学率（あるいはその伸び率）が男性を上回るようになり、成年人口における学歴構成の変化がジェンダー役割に変容をもたらすと共に、パートナー選択や出生にも新たな行動パターンをもたらす可能性が指摘されている。本研究では、両性出生率という人口指標を用いることで、ジェンダーと出生力との関係を分析できることを示し、ジェンダー公平が高学歴女性の出生率上昇に寄与しうることを明らかにした。
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