• Search Research Projects
  • Search Researchers
  • How to Use
  1. Back to previous page

Analysis of human spatial cognition and spatial behavior using geospatial technologies and its applications

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19300309
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Geography
Research InstitutionTokyo Metropolitan University

Principal Investigator

WAKABAYASHI Yoshiki  Tokyo Metropolitan University, 都市環境科学研究科, 教授 (70191723)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) MORITA Takashi  法政大学, 工学研究科, 教授 (60267325)
OKAMOTO Kohei  名古屋大学, 環境科学研究科, 教授 (90201988)
MURAKOSHI Shin  静岡大学, 教育学部, 教授 (30210032)
YANO Keiji  立命館大学, 文学部, 教授 (30210305)
ARIKAWA Masatohi  東京大学, 空間情報科学研究センター, 准教授 (30202758)
SADAHIRO Yukio  東京大学, 工学系研究科, 准教授 (10240722)
ISHIKAWA Toru  東京大学, 情報学環, 准教授 (70436583)
TAKEDA Yuko  首都大学東京, 都市環境科学研究科, 助教 (30343396)
Project Period (FY) 2007 – 2009
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2009)
Budget Amount *help
¥19,890,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,590,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥5,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,260,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥10,790,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,490,000)
KeywordsGIS / 地理情報技術 / 空間認知 / 空間行動 / 地図 / GPS
Research Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine the applicability of geospatial technologies to studies of spatial cognition and behavior and to develop new geospatial technologies based on the properties of human spatial cognition and behavior. The research project was conducted by dividing into four subthemes : (1) application of geocoding technologies, (2) application of analytical methods, (3) application of representational technologies, and (4) development of geospatial technologies based on the properties of human spatial cognition and behavior. Results of the research confirmed the applicability of geospatial technologies to several subjects of behavioral geography and we developed new tools for supporting communication of geospatial information.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2009 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2008 Annual Research Report
  • 2007 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (69 results)

All 2010 2009 2008 2007

All Journal Article (35 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 34 results) Presentation (29 results) Book (5 results)

  • [Journal Article] 「GISと社会」をめぐる諸問題-もう一つの地理情報科学としてのクリティカルGIS-.2010

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹・西村雄一郎
    • Journal Title

      地理学評論 83

      Pages: 60-79

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time-geographic Analysis on Natural Resource Use in a Village of the Vientiane Plain2010

    • Author(s)
      Nishimura, Y., Okamoto, K., Boulidam, S.
    • Journal Title

      東南アジア研究 47(4)

      Pages: 426-450

    • NAID

      110007543555

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 商業集積拡大の方向の分析手法とその可視化2010

    • Author(s)
      稲坂晃義・貞広幸雄
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会計画系論文集 75(650)

      Pages: 889-896

    • NAID

      130004895209

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 「GISと社会」をめぐる諸問題-もう一つの地理情報科学としてのクリティカルGIS-2010

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹・西村雄一郎
    • Journal Title

      地理学評論 83

      Pages: 60-79

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time-geographic Analysis on Natural Resource Use in a Village of the Vientiane Plain2010

    • Author(s)
      Nishimura, Y., Okamoto, K., Boulidam, S.
    • Journal Title

      東南アジア研究 47

      Pages: 426-450

    • NAID

      110007543555

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 商業集積拡大の方向の分析手法とその可視化2010

    • Author(s)
      稲坂晃義・貞広幸雄
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会計画系論文集 650

      Pages: 889-896

    • NAID

      130004895209

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 日本における知覚・行動地理学の回顧と展望2009

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      人文地理 61(3)

      Pages: 80-95

    • NAID

      130006307482

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 等高線読解の背後にある知識と推論プロセス2009

    • Author(s)
      村越真
    • Journal Title

      静岡大学教育学部人文・社会科学篇 59

      Pages: 97-108

    • NAID

      110007379258

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 登山者の読図・ナヴィゲーションスキルとその自己評価に関する調査2009

    • Author(s)
      村越真
    • Journal Title

      登山研修 24

      Pages: 55-58

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report 2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 離散地点上に分布する点分布間の空間関係分析手法2009

    • Author(s)
      貞広幸雄
    • Journal Title

      都市計画論文集 44(3)

      Pages: 787-792

    • NAID

      10025845226

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] イメージマップおよび視覚的データ分析による街路イメージの日仏比較2009

    • Author(s)
      石田恵一・森田喬
    • Journal Title

      地図 47(1)

      Pages: 12-26

    • NAID

      10024831485

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 日本における知覚・行動地理学の回顧と展望2009

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      人文地理 61

      Pages: 80-95

    • NAID

      130006307482

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 地理空間の認知における地図の役割2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      認知科学 15(1)

      Pages: 38-50

    • NAID

      10021163471

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 日本と英語圏の旅行案内書からみた東京の観光名所の空間分析2008

    • Author(s)
      鈴木晃志郎・若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      地学雑誌 117(2)

      Pages: 522-533

    • NAID

      10025679165

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] ラオス首都近郊農村におけるGPS・GISを利用した村落住民の生活行動調査.2008

    • Author(s)
      西村雄一郎・岡本耕平・ソムキット=ブリダム
    • Journal Title

      地学雑誌 117(2)

      Pages: 568-581

    • NAID

      10025679260

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 地図のリテラシーと主題図の読図-日本の女性地図帳の読み方-2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      地図 46(2)

      Pages: 24-27

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 利用マニュアルとドリルマップの提示が火山防災マップからの読み取り課題に与える影響2008

    • Author(s)
      村越真・小山真人
    • Journal Title

      静岡大学教育実践総合センター紀要 15

      Pages: 109-115

    • NAID

      110007581417

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] GPS受信機の特徴と登山における効果的な使い方2008

    • Author(s)
      村越真
    • Journal Title

      旅行医学会誌 6(1)

      Pages: 39-42

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 登山におけるGPS受信機の利用とその限界2008

    • Author(s)
      村越真・宮内佐季子
    • Journal Title

      登山研修 23

      Pages: 1-9

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Virtual Kyoto: 4D-GIS comprising spatial and temporal dimensions.2008

    • Author(s)
      Yano, K. Nakaya, T., Isoda, Y. Takase, T., Kawasumi, T., Matsuoka, K., Seto, T., Kawahara, D., Tsukamoto, A., Inoue, M., Kirimura, T.
    • Journal Title

      地学雑誌 117

      Pages: 464-478

    • NAID

      10025679044

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 同一地域に存在する複数の空間分割の相互関係-分析・可視化手法の提案とその適用-2008

    • Author(s)
      貞広幸雄
    • Journal Title

      都市計画論文集 43(3)

      Pages: 97-102

    • NAID

      10025841702

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 周辺土地利用と地域イメージの相関関係の分析とその可視化2008

    • Author(s)
      稲坂晃義・貞広幸雄
    • Journal Title

      GIS-理論と応用 16(1)

      Pages: 69-76

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Wayfinding with a GPS-based mobile navigation system: A comparison with maps and direct experience.2008

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa, T., Fujiwara, H., Imai, O., Okabe, A
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Environmental Psychology 28

      Pages: 74-82

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 日本と英語圏の旅行案内書からみた東京の観光名所の空間分析2008

    • Author(s)
      鈴木晃志郎, 若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      地学雑誌 117

      Pages: 522-533

    • NAID

      10025679165

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 地図のリテラシーと主題図の読図-日本の女性地図帳の読み方2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      地図 46巻2号

      Pages: 24-27

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] ラオス首都近郊農村におけるGPS ・ GISを利用した村落住民の生活行動調査2008

    • Author(s)
      西村雄一郎, 岡本耕平, ソムキット ブリダム
    • Journal Title

      地学雑誌 117

      Pages: 568-581

    • NAID

      10025679260

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 等高線読解の背後にある知識と推論プロセス2008

    • Author(s)
      村越 真
    • Journal Title

      静岡大学教育学部人文・社会科学篇 59

      Pages: 97-108

    • NAID

      110007379258

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 地理空間の認知における地図の役割2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Journal Title

      認知科学 15巻

      Pages: 38-50

    • NAID

      10021163471

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Wayfinding with a GPS-based mobile navigation system: A comparison with maps and direct experience.2008

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa, T., Fujiwara, H., Imai, O., & Okabe, A
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Environmental Psychology 28

      Pages: 74-82

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time-Geographic Analysis on the change of Jobs in Vientiane Municipality2007

    • Author(s)
      Nishimura, Y., Okamoto, K.
    • Journal Title

      Laos. The Lao Agriculture and Forestry Journal

      Pages: 58-66

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 火山ハザードマップの読み取りに対するドリルマップ提示の効果2007

    • Author(s)
      村越真・小山真人
    • Journal Title

      地図 45(4)

      Pages: 1-11

    • NAID

      10021086085

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Place-tagged Podcasts with Synchronized Maps on Mobile Media Players.2007

    • Author(s)
      Arikawa, A., Tsuruoka, K., Fujita, H., Ome, A.
    • Journal Title

      Cartography and Geographic Information Science 34

      Pages: 293-303

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 火山ハザードマップの読み取りに対するドリルマップ提示の効果2007

    • Author(s)
      村越 真・小山真人
    • Journal Title

      地図 54巻4号

      Pages: 1-11

    • NAID

      10021086085

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time-Geographic Analysis on the change of Jobs in Vientiane Municipality, Laos.2007

    • Author(s)
      Nishimura, Y. and Okamoto, K.
    • Journal Title

      The Lao Agriculture and Forestry Journal 2007年号

      Pages: 58-66

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Place-tagged Podcasts with Synchronized Maps on Mobile Media Players2007

    • Author(s)
      Masatoshi Arikawa, Ken'ichi Tsuruoka, Hideyuki Fujita, and Akihiro Ome,
    • Journal Title

      Cartography and Geographic Information Science 34

      Pages: 293-303

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] The evolution of Virtual Kyoto2010

    • Author(s)
      Yano, K.
    • Organizer
      AHRC/BT Digital Heritage Project : Landscapes, memories and cultural practices : a GIS/GPS mapping network
    • Place of Presentation
      Lancaster, UK
    • Year and Date
      2010-02-23
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The evolution of Virtual Kyoto.2010

    • Author(s)
      Yano, K.
    • Organizer
      AHRC/BT Digital Heritage Project: Landscapes, memories and cultural practices: a GIS/GPS mapping network.
    • Place of Presentation
      Conference Centre, Lancaster House Hotel, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 東京におけるタクシー運転手の地理的知識の獲得と空間認知2009

    • Author(s)
      永見洋太, 若林芳樹
    • Organizer
      日本地理学会2009年春季学術大会
    • Place of Presentation
      帝京大学 (八王子市)
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-28
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A User Environment for Syndicating and Aggregating Map-Integrated Audio Tours: maPodWalk Caster.2009

    • Author(s)
      Tsuruoka, K., Arikawa, M.
    • Organizer
      International Cartography Conference2009
    • Place of Presentation
      Santiago, Chile.
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 東京におけるタクシー運転手の地理空間情報利用と空間認知2009

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹・永見洋太・伊藤修一
    • Organizer
      第18回地理情報システム学会学術研究発表大会
    • Place of Presentation
      朱鷺メッセ(新潟市)
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report 2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Analysis of the relation among point distributions on a discrete space.2009

    • Author(s)
      Sadahiro, Y.
    • Organizer
      The 16th European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography
    • Place of Presentation
      Maynooth, Ireland
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Virtual Kyoto: Historical Virtual Geographic Environment.2009

    • Author(s)
      Yano, K.
    • Organizer
      14th International Conference of Historical Geographers
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Mobile Real-Time Animated Maps for Moving Trains: Mobile JaPOPPO.2009

    • Author(s)
      Arikawa, M., Kida, T.
    • Organizer
      3rd International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering
    • Place of Presentation
      Qingdao, China
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Analysis of the Relations among Spatial Tessellations2009

    • Author(s)
      Sadahiro, Y.
    • Organizer
      The 105th Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers
    • Place of Presentation
      Las Vegas, NV
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Analysis of the relation among point distributions on a discrete space2009

    • Author(s)
      Sadahiro, Y.
    • Organizer
      The 16th European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography
    • Place of Presentation
      Maynooth, Ireland
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Mobile Real-Time Animated Maps for Moving Trains : Mobile JaPOPPO2009

    • Author(s)
      Arikawa, M., Kida, T.
    • Organizer
      3rd International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering
    • Place of Presentation
      Qingdao, China
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A User Environment for Syndicating and Aggregating Map-Integrated Audio Tours : maPodWalk Caster2009

    • Author(s)
      Truruoka, K., Arikawa, M.
    • Organizer
      International Cartography Conference 2009
    • Place of Presentation
      Santiago, Chile
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ラオス・ヴィェンチャン近郊農村における自然利用の時間地理学的分析2008

    • Author(s)
      西村雄一郎, 岡本耕平, ブリダム ソムキット
    • Organizer
      2008年度人文地理学会大会
    • Place of Presentation
      筑波大学
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-09
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] カーナビの地図利用とその男女差に関する-考察2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Organizer
      第17回地理情報システム学会学術研究発表大会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京大学駒場キャンパス
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-23
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] インターネット検索サイトの地図利用とその評価2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Organizer
      日本国際地図学会平成20年度定期大会
    • Place of Presentation
      国土地理院 (つくば市)
    • Year and Date
      2008-08-08
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 日本と英語圏の旅行案内書からみた東京の観光空間の可視化と解析2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹, 鈴木晃志郎
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合2008年大会
    • Place of Presentation
      幕張メッセ (千葉市)
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-28
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] カーナビの地図利用とその男女差に関する一考察2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Organizer
      第17回地理情報システム学会学術研究発表大会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京大学(東京都)
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] インターネット検索サイトの地図利用とその評価2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Organizer
      日本国際地図学会平成20年度定期大会
    • Place of Presentation
      国土地理院(つくば市)
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 日本と英語圏の旅行案内書からみた東京の観光空間の可視化と解析2008

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹・鈴木晃志郎
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合2008年大会
    • Place of Presentation
      幕張メッセ(千葉市)
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] The Beginning of Commuting to the Factory and Sustainable Rural Lives in Vientiane, Lao PDR.2008

    • Author(s)
      OKAMOTO Kohei, NISHIMURA Yuichiro
    • Organizer
      31st International Geographical Congress
    • Place of Presentation
      Tunis
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] User-Generated Audio Tours Integrated with Egocentric Maps.2008

    • Author(s)
      Ken'ichi Tsuruoka, Masatoshi Arikawa
    • Organizer
      AutoCarto 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Personal LBS Based on Place Enhanced Blog.2008

    • Author(s)
      Hideki Kaji, Masatoshi Arikawa
    • Organizer
      Asia GIS Conference 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Busan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A Tool for Enhancing Spatial Sense of Vertical Direction.2008

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Ome, Masatoshi Arikawa
    • Organizer
      Asia GIS Conference 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Busan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] An Authoring Tool for Urban Audio Tours with Animated Maps2008

    • Author(s)
      Ken'ichi Tsuruoka, Masatoshi Arikawa
    • Organizer
      International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      横浜
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ヴィエンチャン近郊農村における工場通勤労働の開始と日常生活の変化2007

    • Author(s)
      西村雄一郎・岡本耕平
    • Organizer
      2007年度日本地理学会秋季学術大会
    • Place of Presentation
      熊本大学
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-06
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Gender-related differences in the map use of in-vehicle navigation systems2007

    • Author(s)
      Yoshiki WAKABAYASHI
    • Organizer
      23rd International Cartographic Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      モスクワ
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-09
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 空間認知の視点からみた学生の世界地理認識に関する一考察2007

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Organizer
      2007年度日本地理学会秋季学術大会
    • Place of Presentation
      熊本大学(熊本市)
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 地図のリテラシーと主題図の読図-日本の女性地図帳の読み方-2007

    • Author(s)
      若林芳樹
    • Organizer
      日本国際地図学会第41回地方大会
    • Place of Presentation
      富山大学(富山市)
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Gender-related differences in the map use of in-vehicle navigation systems.2007

    • Author(s)
      Wakabayashi, Y.
    • Organizer
      23rd International Cartographic Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      モスクワ(ロシア)
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Book] GISと空間認知-進化する地図の科学-2008

    • Author(s)
      村越真・若林芳樹編著
    • Publisher
      古今書院
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Book] 山岳地図の読み方・使い方2008

    • Author(s)
      村越真・宮内佐季子
    • Publisher
      エイ出版
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Book] GISと空間認知-進化する地図の科学-2008

    • Author(s)
      村越 真, 若林芳樹編著
    • Total Pages
      217
    • Publisher
      古今書院
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 最新読図ワークブック2007

    • Author(s)
      村越真・宮内佐季子
    • Publisher
      山と渓谷社
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Book] 最新読図ワークブック2007

    • Author(s)
      村越 真・宮内佐季子
    • Total Pages
      126
    • Publisher
      山と渓谷社
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2007-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

Information User Guide FAQ News Terms of Use Attribution of KAKENHI

Powered by NII kakenhi