"未来の生態系"天然二酸化炭素噴出地における植物の適応プロセスの解明

• Project/Area Number: 19370008
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Ecology/Environment
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: 彦坂 幸毅 Tohoku University, 大学院・生命科学研究科, 准教授 (10272006)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 河田 雅圭 東北大学, 大学院・生命科学研究科, 教授 (90204734)
• Project Period (FY): 2007 – 2009
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2008)
• Budget Amount: ¥14,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,300,000); Fiscal Year 2008: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000); Fiscal Year 2007: ¥10,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,400,000)
• Keywords: 地球環境変化 / 植物の環境応答 / CO2噴出地 / 進化 / CO2上昇 / 植物の成長

Research Abstract

丹生CO2噴出地由来のオオバコから自殖種子を得て、実験圃場のオープントップチャンバーを用いて競争実験を行った。この競争実験では、高CO2領域由来の個体と低CO2領域由来の個体を隣接させ、どちらが個体サイズや種子繁殖量を多くすることができるかを解析した。低CO2条件では両者に有意な違いは認められなかったが、高CO2条件では低CO2由来の個体のほうが多く種子を残すという結果が得られた。本研究で用いた条件では高CO2由来の個体が高CO2条件で適応的であるとの証拠は得られなかった。
さらに、青森県湯ノ川、山形県朝日鉱泉、富山県林道の高・低CO2領域からオオバコ種子を採取し、実験圃場のオープントップチャンバーにて成長実験を行っている。月に一度刈り取りを行い、個体重・窒素量の測定及び光合成測定を行う予定であるが、実験は継続中であり結果はまだ出ていない。
このほか、高CO2環境下での群落のCO2収支の研究を行い、論文を投稿した。これは現在Plant Ecology誌に受理見込みである。さらにCO2噴出地の植物を用いた研究の論文をいくつか投稿中である。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Relationships between photosynthetic activity and silica accumulation with ase of leaf in Sasa veitchii (Poaceae, Bambusioideae) (2008)
  • Author(s): Motomura H*, Hikosaka K, Suzuki M
  • Journal Title: Annals of Botany 101 Pages: 463-468
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Costs and benefits of photosynthetic light acclimation by tree seedlings in response to gap formation (2008)
  • Author(s): Oguchi R*, Hikosaka K, Hiura T, Hirose T
  • Journal Title: Oecologia 155 Pages: 665-675
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Does leaf shedding increase the whole-plant carbon gain despite some nitroeen beine lost with shedding? (2008)
  • Author(s): Oikawa S*, Hikosaka K, Hirose T
  • Journal Title: New Phytologist 178 Pages: 617-624
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Reproductive yield of individuals competing for light in a dense stand of Xanthium canadense (2008)
  • Author(s): Matsumoto Y, Oikawa S, Yasumura Y, Hirose T, Hikosaka K
  • Journal Title: Oecologia 157 Pages: 185-195
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Effect of elevated CO_2 on leaf starch, nitrogen and photosynthesis of plants growing at three natural CO_2 springs in Japan. (2007)
  • Author(s): Onoda Y, Hirose T, Hikosaka K
  • Journal Title: Ecological Research 22 Pages: 475-484
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Seasonal changes in temperature response of photosynthesis in canopy leaves of Quercus crispula in a cool-temperate forest. (2007)
  • Author(s): Hikosaka K, Nabeshima E, Hiura T
  • Journal Title: Tree Physiology 27 Pages: 1035-1041
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Nitrogen resorption and protein degradation during leaf senescence in Chenopodium album grown in different light and nitrogen (2007)
  • Author(s): Yasumura Y, Hikosaka K, Hirose T
  • Journal Title: Functional Plant Biology 34 Pages: 409-417
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Elevated CO_2 concentration, nitrogen use, and seed production in annual plants. (2007)
  • Author(s): Miyagi KM, Kinugasa T, Hikosaka K, Hirose T
  • Journal Title: Global Change Biology 13 Pages: 2161-2170
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Intraspecific variation in temperature dependence of gas exchange characteristics of Plantago asiatica ecotypes from different temperature regimes. (2007)
  • Author(s): Ishikawa K, Onoda Y, Hikosaka K
  • Journal Title: New Phytologist 176 Pages: 356-364
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A genetically explicit model of speciation by sensory drive within a continuous population in aquatic environments. (2007)
  • Author(s): Kawata M, Shoji A, Kawamura S, Seehausen O
  • Journal Title: BMC Ecolutionary Biology 22 Pages: 99-99
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Relative resource abundance explains butterfly biodiversity in island communities. (2007)
  • Author(s): Yamamoto N, Yokoyama J, Kawata M
  • Journal Title: PNAS 104 Pages: 10524-10529
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Role of the 5->3 exonuclease and Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I in base mismatch repair. (2007)
  • Author(s): Imai M, Tago YI, Ihara M, Kawata M, Yamamoto K
  • Journal Title: Molecular Genetics and Genomics 278 Pages: 211-220
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Effects of temporal and spatial heterogeneities created by consumer-driven nutrient recycling on algal diversity. (2007)
  • Author(s): Kato S, Urabe J, Kawata M
  • Journal Title: Journal of Theoretical Biology 254 Pages: 364-377
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Molecular phylogeny and genetic divergence of the introduced populations of Japanese guppies, Poecilia reticulata. (2007)
  • Author(s): Shoji A, Yokoyama J, Kawata M
  • Journal Title: Conservation Genetics 8 Pages: 267-271
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Ecophysiological differentiation of Plantago asiatica along temperature and CO_2 gradient. (2007)
  • Author(s): Hikosaka K
  • Organizer: Japan-US Meeting for Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental changes
  • Place of Presentation: 日光
  • Year and Date: 2007-10-23
• [Book] Terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world., (2007)
  • Author(s): Kohyama T, Yoshioka T, Urabe J, Hikosaka K, Sugimoto A, Shibata H, Wada E
  • Publisher: Springer-Verlag