| Budget Amount *help |
¥16,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,900,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
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| Research Abstract |
We monitored antibiotic contamination and found that sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole could be marker drugs to estimate contamination origin. Animal farm used mainly sulfamethazine. Sulfonamide resistance gene, sul, were detected frequently in animal farm, city canal and fish culture in this order. The genotype sul1 was the majority, which was different from Europe where sul2 is major. This study expanded very much the knowledge of antibiotic contamination and antibiotic resistance gene spreading in aquatic environments.
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