| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
|
|---|
| Research Abstract |
The present study aimed to reformulate "listening anxiety," which was known to accompany difficulties in second/foreign language (L2/FL) listening, as "listening stress," on the basis of the psychological stress theories, and to explicate its debilitating effects and the developmental process of coping strategies against it. The research findings showed that listening stress harmed the use of the cognitive listening strategies, which deteriorated listening comprehension, causing further stress in turn. It was also revealed that "clarification request" and "lowering in expectation for one's own listening" were most frequently used as coping strategies against listening stress and that they were internalized by L2/FL listeners through modeling and trial-and-error learning.
|
