| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Several viologen derivatives (1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridynium, V^<2+>) were synthesized, and their electrochemical behavior was studied to reveal that 1) two one-electron reduction processes occurred on V2^+ to give V^<+・> and V^0, stepwise, and 2) V^0s worked as organic reductants compatible to zinc. V^0 were generated by electroreduction of V^<2+>, and promoted Pd-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl halides to give the corresponding biaryls. By proper choice of substituents on N of V^<2+>, V^0 could be used in several media such as usual organic solvents, ionic liquids, and water. Moreover, electroreduction of N-substituted pyridinium derivatives also gave organic reductants.
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