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Neural Mechanisms of Higher Thought Processes in Human

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19670001
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (S)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field Neuroscience in general
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

SAKAI Katsuyuki  The University of Tokyo, 医学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授 (70376416)

Project Period (FY) 2007 – 2011
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2011)
Budget Amount *help
¥97,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥75,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥22,560,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥9,880,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,280,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥15,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,570,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥17,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,930,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥25,220,000 (Direct Cost: ¥19,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,820,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥30,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥23,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥6,960,000)
Keywords神経科学 / 認知科学 / 脳・神経 / 前頭葉 / 非侵襲的脳活動計測 / 認知神経科学
Research Abstract

ヒトの高次思考は外界の事象を脳内に表象する能力に加えて、表象に対して能動的に操作を加えて変換する能力によって可能となる。局所脳領域活動と脳領域間信号伝達の相互作用を解析することで、認知操作の脳内メカニズムを解明することが本研究課題の目的である。まず健常人を対象とした機能的核磁気共鳴画像実験により、視覚刺激に対する後方連合領域の活動レベルの変動に応じて前頭前野の活動が適応的に変化し、さらに前頭前野から運動関連領域に対して試行ごとに適切な制御信号が送られることが明らかとなった。これは外界の変化に対して柔軟に行動を切り替える認知操作の特性のメカニズムの一端を明らかにしたものといえる。また本研究で開発された磁気刺激・脳波併用法(TMS-EEG)を用いた実験を行い、前試行における判断が次の試行の判断にバイアスをかけること、そして前頭前野から後方連合領域に対する信号伝達効率の変化としてこのバイアスが維持されていることが明らかとなった。この結果は私たちの知覚認知、行動制御がその時点における神経回路の結合状態によって左右されることを示すとともに、すでに我々が示した脳領域間の信号伝達効率の履歴依存性を再現したことになる。TMS-EEG法を用いることで健常人の脳シナプス機能を解析するという画期的な成果に向けて大きく前進したものといえる。さらにモーション・キャプチャー・システムと経時的握力測定装置を導入し、認知操作における意思の成立過程を連続的に評価する行動課題を設計した。TMS-EEG法を用いた脳領域間信号伝達効率推定により、前頭葉フィードバック系の機能を明らかにするとともに、これが意思の成立過程に深く関与するという独創的な仮説を検証するものである。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2010 Annual Research Report
  • 2009 Annual Research Report   Self-evaluation Report ( PDF )
  • 2008 Annual Research Report
  • 2007 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (17 results)

All 2010 2009 2008 Other

All Journal Article (11 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 11 results) Presentation (3 results) Remarks (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] Reactive mechanism of cognitive control system2010

    • Author(s)
      Morishima Y.
    • Journal Title

      Cerebral Cortex

      Volume: 20 Pages: 2675-2683

    • Related Report
      2010 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Stimulation of the frontal eye field reveals persistent effective connectivity after controlled behavior2010

    • Author(s)
      Akaishi R, Morishima Y, Rajeswaren VP, Aoki S, Sakai K.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Neuroscience 30

      Pages: 4295-4305

    • Related Report
      2009 Self-evaluation Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Stimulation of the frontal eye field reveals persistent effective connectivity after controlled behavior2010

    • Author(s)
      Akaishi R
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Neuroscience 30

      Pages: 4295-4305

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Predictive and postdictive mechanisms jointly contribute to visual awareness2009

    • Author(s)
      Soga R, Akaishi R, Sakai K.
    • Journal Title

      Consciousness and Cognition 18

      Pages: 578-592

    • Related Report
      2009 Self-evaluation Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Task-specific signal transmission from prefrontal cortex in visual selective attention2009

    • Author(s)
      Morishima Y, Akaishi R, Yamada Y, Okuda J, Toma K, Sakai K.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Neuroscience 12

      Pages: 85-91

    • Related Report
      2009 Self-evaluation Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Predictive and postdictive mechanisms jointly contribute to visual awareness2009

    • Author(s)
      Soga R
    • Journal Title

      Consciousness and Cognition 18

      Pages: 578-592

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The representation of abstract task rules in the human prefrontal cortex2009

    • Author(s)
      Bengtsson SL
    • Journal Title

      Cerebral Cortex 19

      Pages: 1929-1936

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Task-specific signal transmission from prefrontal cortex in visual selective attention2009

    • Author(s)
      Morishima Y
    • Journal Title

      Nature Neuroscien 12

      Pages: 85-91

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Task set and prefrontal cortex2008

    • Author(s)
      Sakai K.
    • Journal Title

      Annual Review of Neuroscience 31

      Pages: 219-245

    • Related Report
      2009 Self-evaluation Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Task set and prefrontal cortex2008

    • Author(s)
      Sakai K
    • Journal Title

      Annual Review of Neuroscience 31

      Pages: 219-245

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Reactive mechanism of cognitive control system

    • Author(s)
      Morishima Y, Okuda J, Sakai K.
    • Journal Title

      Cerebral Cortex (in press)

    • Related Report
      2009 Self-evaluation Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Task set and neural network connectivity2010

    • Author(s)
      Sakai K.
    • Organizer
      Gordon Research Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Waterville Valley Resort(NH, USA)
    • Year and Date
      2010-08-04
    • Related Report
      2010 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Network-based mechanism of prefrontal control2010

    • Author(s)
      Sakai K
    • Organizer
      The 20th Annual Rotman Research Institute Conference The Frontal Lobes 2010
    • Place of Presentation
      Metro Toronto Convention Centre Toronto, Canada
    • Year and Date
      2010-03-23
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Effective connectivity during task preparation reflects carry-over from a previous task2008

    • Author(s)
      Akaishi R
    • Organizer
      38th Annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience
    • Place of Presentation
      Washington, DC. USA
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-16
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      http://square.umin.ac.jp/dcntky/index.html

    • Related Report
      2010 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 研究室ホームページ

    • URL

      http://square.umin.ac.jp/dcntky/index.html

    • Related Report
      2009 Self-evaluation Report
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      http://square.umin.ac.jp/dcntky/index.html

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2007-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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